Categorie: Tutti - cognitive - neuroscience - behavioural - humanistic

da David Chiu manca 1 anno

117

Psychology's Foundational Concepts

An exploration of psychology encompasses various schools of thought, each offering distinct perspectives on human behavior and mental processes. Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding mental functions such as intelligence, cognitive development, and biases.

Psychology's Foundational Concepts

Introduction to Psychology

Psychology as a Research Science

Empirical Method
Scientific Method

Hypothesis Testing

Qualitative research, Quantitative research

Ethnographic research

Chimpanzee studies (Jane Goodall)

Observation vs. Participation

Observer effects

Observer bias

Correlational research

Direction of causation

Confounding variables

Positive vs. Negative correlation

Survey research

Experimental research

Sampling

Random assignment

Placebo Effect

Controlled experiments

Dependent variable, Independent variable,

Single, Double blind experiments

Health, Stress, Coping

Happiness
Death salience

The Surprising Ways Death Shapes Our Lives - YouTube


Relationship between money and happiness
Mindfulness
Gratitude
Habits, Rituals
Social relationships
Delayed gratification

Future vs. Present self

Coping
5 stages of grief/loss (Kubler-Ross)
Optimal performance
Exercise, sleep
Flow
Normal vs. "Abnormal"
Psychological Disorders

Neuroscience

Memory
Amnesia
False memories
Short-term memory, Long-term memory, Working memory
Sensation, Perception
Illusions
Sensory adaptation

Signal detection

Sensitization vs. Desensitization/habituation

Threshold of perception
5 senses
Endocrine System
Glands

Hormones

Nervous System
Neurons

Neuroplasticity

How drugs work

Neurotransmitters

Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system

Parts of the brain

Case of Phineas Gage (brain damage)

Society and Culture

Family
Warm vs. Cold (Harry Harlow)
Family origins
Group dynamics
Schemas
Social identity

Sterotypes, heuristics, discrimination, implicit biases

Contact hypothesis

Conformity
Social Norms
Bystander Effect

Kitty Ge

Individualism, Collectivism

Major Schools of Psychology

Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive biases

Knowledge, facts, opinions, fake news

Conspiracy theories

Internal attribution, External attribution

Intelligence

Different kinds of intelligence

IQ Testing

Life Development

Nature vs. Nurture

Reaction range

Zone of Proximal Development (Lev Vygotsky)

4 Stages of Cognitive Development in Children (Jean Piaget)

Deductive Reasoning

Conservation

Object Permanence

Egocentrism

Humanistic Psychology
Social Emotional Learning
Self-reflection, introspection

Self-awareness

Johari Window

Blindspots

Motivation

Learned Helplessness (Martin Seligman)

Maslow's Hierarchy

Fixed Mindset vs. Growth Mindset

Hertzberg’s 2-Factor Theory: Hygiene factors, Motivating factors

Relationship between money and motivation

McClelland’s Theory of Needs: Achievement, Affiliation, Power

Behavioural Psychology
Psychodynamic Psychology
Models of Personality

16 Personalities (MBTI)

Big 5 Personality Traits (NEO-PI)

Conscious, Subconscious, Unconscious

Id/Ego/Super Ego

Defense Mechanisms (Freud)

Main topic

How we communicate

Pursuasion
Storytelling
Communication Theory
Feedback
Non-violent communication (Rosenberg)
Miscommunication

How we learn

Social Learning Theory
Socialization
Bobo Doll experiments (Albert Bandura)
Operant Conditioning
Schedules of Reinforcement
Antecedent, Behaviour, Consequence (ABC)

Rats in a box (BF Skinner)

Positive/Negative Rewards/Consequences

Classical Conditioning
Stimulus-response association

Case of Little Albert (John B. Watson)

Salivating dogs (Ivan Pavlov)