作者：Kai Noonan 3 年以前
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Metamonada
Discoba
Jakobida
Tsukubamonas
Discicristata
Euglenozoa
Glycomonada
Diplonemea
Kinetoplastea
Euglenida
Euglenoids (Phylum Euglenozoa)
CRuMs
Diphylleida and Rigiflida
Rigiflida
Diphylleida
Mantamanas
Unikonta
Obazoa
Apusomonadida and Opisthokonts'
Opisthokonta - Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells - absorptive heterotrophs
Holozoa
Filozoa and Pluiformea
Philozoa - mobility
Choanozoa
Animalia (Metazoa) - multicellular - complex organ systems - gametic life cycle
Eumetazoa - true tissues
ParaHoxozoa
Bilateria (Triploblasts) - bilateral symmetry - 3 tissue layers
Nephrozoa
Protostomia - protostome development
Spiralia
Platytrochozoa
Lophotrochozoa
Kryptotrochozoa
Lophophorata
Bryozoa
Ectoprocta
Entoprocta
Brachiozoa
Phoronida
Brachiopoda
Nemertea
Mollusca
Polyplacophorans
Aplacophorans
Scaphopods
Cephalopoda
Nautiloidea
Coleoidea
Octopodiformes
Decapodiformes
Oegopsida
Ommastrephidae
Ommastrephinae
Dosidicus
Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas)
Gastropods
Panpulmonata
Euopisthobranchia
Nudipleura
Caenogastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullarioidea
Ampullariidae
Pomacea
Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)
Neritimorpha
Vetigastropod
Patellogastropoda
Monoplacophorans
Bivalvia
Protobranchia
Autobranchia
Pteriomorphia
Heteroconchia
Palaeoheterodonta
Euheterodonta
Orthonotoidea
Imparidentia
Myida
Myoidea
Myidae
Mya
Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria)
Anomalodesmata
Archiheterodonta
Annelida
Aciculata
Echiura
Canalipalpata
Siboglinidae
Clitellata
Myzostomida
Sipuncula
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Catenulida
Rhabditophora
Trepaxonemata
Euneoophora
Acentrosomata
Bothrioneodermata
Neodermata
Cestoda
Eucestoda
Cyclophyllidea
Taeniidae
Taenia
Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)
Hydatigera
Echinococcus
Nematotaeniidae
Hymenolepididae
Dipylidiidae
Diploposthidae
Dilepididae
Davaineidae
Anoplocephalidae
Amabiliidae
Cestodaria
Monogenea
Trematoda
Digenea
Plagiorchiida
Echinostomata
Fasciolidae
Fasciola
Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
Diplostomida
Aspidogastrea
Bothrioplanida
Adiaphanida
Tricladida
Fecampiida
Prolecithophora
Proseriata
Rhabdocoela
Amplimatricata
Polycladida
Lecithoepitheliata
Macrostomorpha
Haplopharyngida
Macrostomida
Microstomidae
Macrostomidae
Macrostomum
Macrostomum lignano
Dolichomacrostomidae
Platyzoa
Rouphozoa
Gastrotricha
Platyhelminthes
Gnathifera
Cycliophora
Micrognathozoa
Gnathostomulida
Acanthocephala
Syndermata
Seisonida
Rotifera
Ecdysozoa - molting
Nematoida
Panarthropoda
Tactopoda
Arthropoda
Mandibulata
Pancrustacea (Crustacea)
Altocrustacea
Allotriocarida
Hexapoda
Ectognatha
Insecta
Pterygota
Lepidoptera
Papilionoidea
Nymphalidae
Danainae
Danaini
Danaina
Danaus
Monarch (Danaus plexippus)
Zygentoma
Archaeognatha
Diplura
Ellipura
Protura
Collembola
Branchiopoda
Xenocarida
Cephalocarida
Remipedia
Multicrustacea
Malacostraca
Eumalacostraca
Eucarida
Decapoda
Pleocyemata
Brachyura
Eubrachyura
Heterotremata
Xanthoidea
Trichopeltarioidea
Trichodactyloidea
Trapezioidea
Thioidea
Retroplumoidea
Pseudozioidea
Pseudothelphusoidea
Potamoidea
Portunoidea
Portunidae
Thalamitinae
Portuninae
Xiphonectes
Scylla
Sanquerus
Portunus
Monomia
Cycloachelous
Cavoportunus
Carupella
Callinectes
Chesapeake Blue Crab (Callinect’es sapidus)
Atoportunus
Arenaeus
Podophthalminae
Lupocyclinae
Carupinae
Caphyrinae
Achelouinae
Geryonidae
Carcinidae
Brusiniidae
Pilumnoidea
Parthenopoidea
Palicoidea
Orithyioidea
Majoidea
Leucosioidea
Hymenosomatoidea
Hexapodoidea
Goneplacoidea
Gecarcinucoidea
Eriphioidea
Dorippoidea
Dairoidea
Corystoidea
Cheiragonoidea
Carpilioidea
Cancroidea
Calappoidea
Bythograeoidea
Bellioidea
Aethroidea
Thoracotremata
Cyclodorippoida
Raninoida
Dromiacea
Anomura
Polychelida
Achelata
Gebiidea
Axiidea
Glypheidea
Astacidea
Caridea
Stenopodidea
Dendrobranchiata
Euphausiacea
Amphionidacea
Peracarida
Syncarida
Hoplocarida
Phyllocarida
Oligostraca
Maxillopoda
Ostracoda
Myriapoda
Pauropoda
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Symphyla
Chelicerata
Arachnida
ropygi
Solifugae
Scorpiones
Schizomida
Ricinulei
Pseudoscorpiones
Palpigradi
Opiliones
Araneae
Mygalomorphae
Mesothelae
Araneomorphae
Psilodercidae
Hypochilidae
Austrochiloidea
Haplogynae
Entelegynae
Araneoidea
Theridiidae
Latrodectus
Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans)
Amblypygi
Acari
Chasmataspidida
Eurypterida
Xiphosura
Pycnogonida
Trilobitomorpha
Tardigrada
Mesotardigrada
Heterotardigrada
Eutardigrada
Onychophora
Scalidophora
Deuterostomia - deuterostome development
Ambulacraria
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
Asterozoa
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Myophiuroida
Metophiurida
Ophintegrida
Euryophiurida
Ophiurida
Ophiurina
Ophiuridae
Ophiurinae
Ophiura
Serpent Star (Ophiura ophiura)
Ophiopyrgidae
Astrophiuridae
Ophiomusina
Anophiura
Euryalida
Echinozoa
Echinoidea
Euechinoidea
Echinothurioida
Irregularia
Carinacea
Echinacea
Stomopneustoida
Camarodonta
Parasaleniidae
Temnopleuridea
Echinidea
Parechinidae
Echinidae
Odontophora
Toxopneustidae
Strongylocentrotidae
Strongylocentrotus
Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
Pseudocentrotus
Mesocentrotus
Hemicentrotus
Echinometridae
Gagaria
Arbacioida
Calycina
Acroechinoidea
Cidaroidea
Holothuroidea
Paractinopoda
Actinopoda
Synallactida
Stichopodidae
Apostichopus
California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)
Crinoidea
Chordata - notochord - hollow dorsal nerve chord - pharyngeal slits - post anal tail
Olfactores - cranium
Craniates (Vertebrata) - vertebral column
Gnathostomata - jaws
Eugnathostomata - bony skeleton
Osteichthyes
Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fishes) - lungs / lung derivative
Rhipidistia
Tetrapodomorpha
Eotetrapodiformes
Elpistostegalia
Stegocephalia
Tetrapoda - limbs w/digits
Amniota - amniotic egg
Reptilia
Eureptilia
Romeriida
Diapsida
Neodiapsida
Archosauromorpha
Pantestudines
Testudinata
Testudines
Chelonioidea
Cheloniidae
Carettinae
Chelonia
Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Proganochelys
Odontochelys
Sinosaurosphargis
Placodontia
Eosauropterygia
Archosauriformes
Rhynchosauria
Trilophosaurus
Prolacertiformes
Choristodera
Lepidosauromorpha
Lepidosauria
Squamata
Rhynchocephalia
Kuehneosauridae
Younginiformes
Claudiosaurus
Araeoscelidia
Paleothyris
Captorhinidae
Parareptilia
Synapsida - milk - hair
Mammalia
Theria
Placentalia
Laurasiatheria
Carnivora
Ursidae
Ursinae
Ursus
American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Amphibia
Anura
Phyllomedusidae
Agalychnis
Red Eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas)
Ventastega curonica
Metaxygnathus denticulus
Elginerpetonidae
Elpistostegidae
Panderichthys rhombolepis
Platycephalichthys
Tinirau clackae
Tristichopteridae
Osteolepiformes
Canowindridae
Thysanolepidae
Rhizodontiformes
Kenichthys campbelli
Tungsenia paradoxa
Dipnomorpha
Styloichthys changae
Actinistia
Hadronectoridae
Coelacanthiformes
Latimerioidei
Latimeriidae
Latimeria
Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae)
Swenzia
Macropoma
Undina
Holophagus
Megalocoelacanthus
Libys
Diplurus
Mawsoniidae
Garnbergia
Rebellatricidae
Whiteiidae
Spermatodus
Laugiidae
Coelacanthidae
Sassenia
Rhabdodermatidae
Diplocercidae
Miguashaiidae
Onychodontidae
Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes)
Perciformes
Acanthuridae
Acanthurinae
Paracanthurus
Blue Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)
Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous skeleton
Holocephali
Elasmobranchii
Neoselachii
Selachii
Galeomorphi
Lamniformes
Lamnidae
Carcharodon
Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)
Placodermi
Osteostraci
Pteraspidomorphi
Cephalaspidomorphi
Conodonta
Zhongjianichthys rostratus
Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa
Agnatha
Hyperoartia
Myxini
Myxiniformes
Myxinidae
Eptatretinae
Eptatretus
Pacific Hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)
Tunicates (urochordata)
Ascidiacea
Stolidobranchia
Pyuridae
Halocynthia
Pacific Sea Peach (Halocynthia aurantium)
Styelidae
Molgulidae
Unnamed Taxon
Aplousobranchia '
Phlebobranchia
Thaliacea
Salpida
Doliolida
Appendicularia
Cephalochordates
Leptocardii
Branchiostomatidae
Epigonichthys
Branchiostoma
Branchiostoma lanceolatum
Asymmetron
Xenacoelomorpha
Acoelomorpha
Xenoturbellida
?
Cnidaria - radial symmetry - 2 tissue layers
Myxozoa
Medusozoa
Acraspeda
Rhopallophora
Cubozoa
Scyphozoa
Discomedusae
Semaeostomeae
Ulmaridae
Ulmarinae
Tiburoniinae
Stygiomedusinae
Sthenoniinae
Stellamedusinae
Poraliinae
Deepstariinae
Aureliinae
Aurosa
Aurelia
Moon Jelly (Aurelia aurita)
Undosa
Phacellophoridae
Pelagiidae
Drymonematidae
Cyaneidae
Rhizostomeae
Coronamedusae
Staurozoa
Hydrozoa
Trachylinae
Hydroidolina
Siphonophorae
Leptothecata
Anthoathecata
Filifera
Capitata
Pennariidae
Pennaria
Pennaria disticha
Aplanulata
Hydrichthys
Moersia
Anthozoa
Ceriantharia
Hexacorallia
Zoantharia
Scleractinia
Acroporidae
Acropora
Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)
Corallimorpharia
Antipatharia
Actiniaria
Octocorallia
Placozoa
Ctenophora
Porifera (Sponges)
Chanoflagellates
Filasterea
Pluriformea
Syssomonas
Corallochytrium
Ichthyosporea
Holomycota
Fungi - multicellular - cell wall (composed of chitin) - zygotic life cycle
Higher Fungi (Dikarya)
Basidiomucota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricomycetidae
Agaricales
Pluteineae
Amanitaceae
Amaniteae
Amanita
Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)
Dacrymycetes
Ascomycota
Lower Fungi (Phycomycetes)
Glomeromycota
Chyridiomycota
Zygomycota
Mucoromycotina
Mucoromycetes
Mucorales
Rhizopodaceae
Rhizopus
Black Bread Mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)
Nucleariids
Nucleariida
Fonticulida
Apusomonadida
Breviatea
Amoebozpa - Pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes
Lobosea
Archamobae
Eumycetozoa
Slime Molds (Phylum Mycetozoa)
Picozoa
Ancoracysta
Corticata
Cryptista and Archaeplastida
Archaeplastida - Primary Plastids
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta - Zygotic Life Cycle - tissue growth throughout body - circulation of waters and sugars through diffusion / osmosis - gametophyte dominant
Land Plants (Kingdom Plantae; Embryophyte) - Sporic Life Cycle - Embryonic presence - Desiccation-resistant spores - tissue growth on apical meristems - presence of gametangia - presence of sporangia
Polysporangiophyte
Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) - Presence of lignin - Circulation of water and sugars through Xylem / Phloem - Lycophylls leaves - Sporophyte dominant - Thick, waxy cuticle - Stomata
Euphyllophytes - Megaphyllis leaves
Seeded Plants (Spermatophytes) - pollen - seeds - heterospory - wood - ovules
Angiosperms (Magnoliopsida) - fruit - flowers - endosperm - ovaries
Nymphaeales
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea
White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia
Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
Gymnopserms (heavily debated)
Conifers and Gnetophytes (Pinophyta)
Ciniferophyta (Pinaceae)
Pinaies
Cupressaceae
Taxodium
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Pinaceae
Pinus
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Ginkgo
Cycads
Ferns (Monilophytes)
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Thelypteridaceae
Thelypteridoideae
Thelypteris
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Clubmosses (Lycophylates)
Lychopodiales
Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodiodeae
Diphasiastrum
Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)
Horneophytopsida
Bryophytes (Non-Vascular Plants)
Hornworts (Anthocerotophyta)
Anthocerotopsida
Anthocerotaceeae
Anthoceros
Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)
Mosses
Bryopsida
Hypnales
Amblystegiaceae
Tomentyonum
Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens)
Liverwort (Marchantiophyta)
Marchantiopsida
Marchantiales
Marchantiaceae
Marchantia
Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)
Charophytes
Charophyceae
Charales
Characaeae
Chareae
Chara
Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)
Chlorophytes (Phylum Chlorophytes)
Red Algae (Phylum Rhodophytes)
Cryptista
Rollomonadia
Cryptophyta
Cryptophytes
Goniomonads
Katablepharida
Palpitomonas
Haptista
Haptophyta
Centrohelida
TSAR
SAR Clade
Rhizaria - Filose pseudopodia
Retaria
Foraminifers (Phylum Foraminifera)
Radiolarians (Phylum Radiolaria)
Cercozoans
Halvaria
Aveolata - Membranous vesicles on cell membrane - Secondary / Tertiary plastids
Myzozoa
Apicomplexans
Dinoflagellates (Phylum Miozoa)
Ciliates
Stramenopila - Tripartite flagellar hair - Secondary plastids
Brown Algae
Laminariales
Lessoniaceae
Macrocystis
Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)
Golden Algae
Diatoms (Class Bacillariophyceae)
Telonemia
Traits:
