Kategorier: Alla - skills - syllabus - themes - design

av MARLYN JULIETH OSORIO MOSQUERA för 3 årar sedan

93

The different stages to design a program material by Nuñez and Bodegas

The process of designing program material involves multiple stages, including language tasting and the development of tests. These tests can be norm-referenced, which compare the relative performance of students, or criterion-referenced, which measure how much course material has been learned.

The different stages to design a program material by Nuñez and Bodegas

to work with the same topic

The different stages to design a program material by Nuñez and Bodegas

Syllabus refers to

subject matter
individual subject
content

Materials

Materials development
syllabus focus
choices based on

students learning

according to

goals

strategy

teaching and program

related to

materials

each other

tests

objectives

needs

decisions regarding
exercises

should always be left up

to individuals

techniques
syllabuses
approaches

Curriculum refers to

aims
to be realized

within educational system

totality of content
to be taught

Evaluation

Beretta (op. cit; 276)
gives a list of purposes of evaluation

areas for improvement

To justify

future courses of action

To identify

To decide

intended effects

Scrivener (1967)
distinction between

Summative

effects of a programme

Formative

improving

ongoing programmes

Organizing the course

five aspects
Determining unit content
Sequencing the units
Identifying the course units
Determining the organizing principles

Dubin and Olshtain (1997)

present
The story-line format

Different type than others

can be used

in conjunction

with any of them

Narrative

The Matrix Format

gives users

maximum flexibility

to select topics

random order

table of contents

The Cyclical Format

Organizational principle

enables

learners

teachers

The Modular Format

Academically

oriented units

integrated

well suited to courses

situational contents

thematic

The Linear Format

teachers cannot

skip some

change order of units

adopted for

structures

particularly grammar

discrete element content

Language tasting

Development of tests
Criterion-referenced

measure the amount of

course material learned

Norm-referenced

compare the relative

performance of students

SYLLABUSES

Task
Activity-based categories

of each task

following instruction

following directions

drawing maps

Skills

scanning a reading passage

specific information

listening for

inferences

main ideas

gist

Notional
Conceptual categories

are the basis

organizing sequenced

of each notion

location

quantity

duration

Functional
Functions

usefulness

of each function

chronology

describing

correcting

reporting

identifying

Topical
Themes

such as

clothing

food

health

Situational
Structural sequence

may be in the

background

Situations

form

organizing principle-sequenced

such as at

the supermarket

a restaurant

the bank

Structural
Structures

Organizing principles-sequenced

from:

frequency

easy to difficult

Phonological

Grammatical