Influence (Novel Strain)

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CHOLERA

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INJURY PREVENTION

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Safe Hand Washing

av Corry Robinson

Schizophrenia

av John Keane

Influence (Novel Strain)

Pathophysiology (CDC, 2021)

Incubation Period

Infection period can start one day prior to symptoms and last 5-7 days after

Individual are contagious for 3-4 days upon their illness beginning

Stages of Disease

Once exposed/infected symptoms typically show up 2 days later but can be anywhere from 1-4 days

Symptoms

Fatigue

Can be due to vomiting or diarrhea this is seen more in children

Body aches

Including headaches

Runny/stuffy nose

sore throat

cough

Fever

Treatment (CDC, 2021)

Prevention

Hand washing

Education patient on when to wash their hands:

• when visually soiled
• after using the restroom
• before eating
• after coughing, sneezing

Barriers

Finances

• No Health Insurance
• Lack of adequate health insurance

Accessability

• Inability to receive care patients may not have to means to get to care such as not having a vehicle or a license, lack of facilities open outside of the 8am-5pm window.

Education

Due to lack of education for the general public they may not understand to receive antiviral medications they need to visit a provider in 24-48 hours from onset of symptoms.

Meds

Antivirals, this are not a true form of treatment but can shorten/weaken the symptoms

Remedies

Avoid aspirin and pepto dismol for children 18 years of age and younger possible severe complications (Reye's Syndrome)

Treat symptoms with over the counter medications

Public Health Nurse (Kiser, 2019)

Containment

Isolation

Providing proper education on how long to stay away from work and out of public places and help isolate the virus. This can help reduce the spread, making sure to wipe down all shared surfaces.

Surveillance

The point of surveillance is to monitor the effectiveness of efforts to prevent influenza using state, local and territorial health including data from:

• influenza activity and where is it present
• help identify which strain is present
• identify changes within the virus
• monitor illness including inpatient, outpatient and deaths

Reporting

South Dakota has a mandatory report system with CDC for:

• flu like illness
• regional active cases
• widespread activity

Chain of Infection

Transmitted through droplets (CDC, 2021)

Susceptible Host

If the body is unable to fight it off these individuals with have the virus

High Risk: weak immune systems due to age (young and old), chronic health conditions (such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease), and pregnant woman

Although all of the previous items are present some individuals immune system is able to fight it off

Contaminated Surfaces

Its possible an individual can touch a surface with the virus present and then transmit it to themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth.

Talking

Coughing

All 3 are the mode of transmission that moves the virus into another person mouth, eyes, or nose. Allowing the virus to enter another host

Covering nose and mouth with coughing or sneezing with help prevent the spread

Sneezing

Epidemiology

World Wide (CDC, 2021)

Incidence

8.3%

United States (%) (South Dakota Department of Health, 2021)

65+

Symptomatic Illness: 8.7

Medical Visits: 10.4

Hospitalizations: 57.0

Death: 74.8

50-64

Symptomatic Illness: 26.0

Medical Visits: 24.0

Hospitalizations:20.0

Death: 16.6

18-49

Symptomatic Illness: 33.5

Medical Visits: 26.7

Hospitalizations: 13.6

Death: 7.2

5-17

Symptomatic Illness: 21.6

Medical Visits: 24.1

Hospitalizations: 4.3

Death: 0.6

0-4

Symptomatic Illness: 10.2

Medical Visits: 14.7

Hospitalizations: 5.2

Death: 0.8

Back Ground (CDC, 2021)

Isolated by Christopher Andrews, Wilson Smith and Patrick Laidrow

First Isolated in Humans in 1933

Has believed to have been present for 6,000 years