COMMUNICATIVE APPROACHES

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Conflict is present everywhere in the world around us. We experience conflict on a daily basis, and it can be minor or major.

Conflict in a story is a struggle between opposing forces. Characters must act to confront those forces and there is where conflict is born. If there is nothing to overcome, there is no story. Conflict in a story creates and drives the plot forward.

MATERIAL

In this type of conflict, a character must take on society itself, and not a single person. The character stands at odds with societal norms and realizes the necessity to work against these norms. This is an external conflict.

Give examples of man versus society conflict in a literary work.

Authentic Material

ROLE OF THE STUDENT Active role

This situation results from a protagonist working against what has been foretold for that person. While this conflict was more prevalent in stories where gods could control fate, such as in ancient Greek dramas, there are still examples of this type of conflict in more contemporary literature.

- Intercultural speaker capable of noticing and establishing relationships between his own cultural beliefs, behaviours and meanings and those of his interlocutor’s language. - 'Make the strange familiar and the familiar strange.’ - Share their knowledge with each other and discuss their opinions.

Since in real life we can't say that such examples of man versus supernatural, there are some superstitions that can influence a person's life.

Give examples of these superstitions.

- Interact and negotiate meanings. - Actively engage in cognitively demanding tasks. - Work in pairs or small groups.

Give examples of man versus fate conflict in a literary work.

Participate in classroom activities based on cooperative learning.

ROLE OF THE TEACHER Organiser and facilitator

A more contemporary type of conflict, this situation results from humans involved in a struggle with man-made machines. This is an external conflict.

- Develop skills, attitudes and awareness of values just as much as to develop a knowledge of a particular culture or country. - Help learners ask questions and to interpret answers. - Encourage learners’ awareness of their own abilities in intercultural competence.

As this conflict is more science fiction based, in real life we can't find such examples.

However, as technology became a big part of our lives there are some situations that man made machines affects our lives.

Find such examples.

- Scaffolds activities so that learners can manage to do them. - Feedback provider.

Give examples of man versus machine conflict in a literary work.

- Participant and guide. - Resource and needs analyst. - Monitor.

LESSONS

This conflict develops from a protagonist’s inner struggles and may depend on a character trying to decide between good and evil or overcoming self-doubt. This conflict has both internal and external aspects, as obstacles outside the protagonist's force them to deal with inner issues.

- Develop learners as intercultural speakers or mediators who are able to engage with complexity and multiple identities and to avoid the stereotyping which accompanies perceiving someone through a single identity. - Perceive the interlocutor as an individual whose qualities are to be discovered, rather than as a representative of an externally ascribed identity.

Give examples of man versus self conflict in the real world.

Many CLIL lessons expose students to different cultures and perspectives.

Give examples of man versus self conflict in a literary work.

Focus greater attention on diversity among learners and view these differences as resources to be recognized, catered to, and appreciated.

LANGUAGE

In this type of conflict, a character is tormented by natural forces such as storms or animals. This is also an external conflict.

CLT, CLIL and ICC

Give examples of man versus nature conflict in a literary work.

Target language

AIMS Communicative competence

A situation in which two characters have opposing desires or interests. The typical scenario is a conflict between the protagonist and antagonist. This is an external conflict.

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC)

- Acquire not just grammatical competence but also the knowledge of what is ‘appropriate’ language. - Native and nonnative speaker interactions, as well as nonnative and nonnative speaker interactions

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)

Give examples of man versus man conflict in the real world.

- Master both language and content simultaneously. - Meaningful, purposeful interaction.

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

Give examples of man versus man conflict in a literary work.

- Make real communication the focus of language learning. - Interaction between the learner and users of the language.