LLS Typology

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ESP

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Case Study: Clive Wearing

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LLS Typology

The LLS Model of Mohamed Amin

Exam LLS (ELLS)

Memorizing essay format

Doing exercises in workbooks

Learner's preparation leading to an examination such as joining a discussion group

Out-Of-Class LLS (OLLS)

Watching English movies

Discussing with friends after class

Conversing in English with the parents at home

Classroom LLS (CLLS)

answer silently to oneself

Asking for a friend's or teacher's clarification

Sitting near students who are proficient in the target language

The LLS Model of O'Malley and Chamot

Socio-affective strategies

Self-talk

Cooperation

Questioning for clarification

Inferencing

Transfer

Elaboration

Auditory representation

Imagery

Deduction

Summarizing

Note taking

Grouping

Resourcing

Self-management

Self-evaluation

Self-monitoring

Selective attention

Organizational planning

Advance preparation

Advance organization

The LLS Model of Oxford

Indirect strategies

Social strategies

Empathizing with others

Cooperating with others

Asking questions

Affective strategies

Taking your emotional temperature

Encouraging yourself

Lowering your anxiety

Metacognitive strategies

Evaluating your learning

Centering your learning

Arranging and planning your learning

Direct strategies

Compensation strategies

Creating structure for input and output

Cognitive strategies

Analyzing and reasoning

Receiving and sending messages

Practice

Memory strategies

Employing action

Reviewing well

Creating mental linkages