Biology Extra Credit

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RON C.

Activator or Repressor Proteins

RNA POL I,III

DNA POL III & I

Proteins Mediate Function

Histone core

potentially prevents condensing

Protein-Protein Interactions

Recognition

Cyclin-CDK Recognition

Regulates whether or not M phase occurrs

Allows for S phase to proceed

Carrier/Channel Proteins

Signal Transduction Pathway

Possible transcription factor cellular response post Signal Transduction Pathway

Ligand- Gated Ion Channel Receptor

Ligand- RTK Receptor

Ligand- G Protein Coupled Receptor

Enzymes: tertiary structure + Active Site exposed R groups

Allosteric?

Enzyme becomes more specific

One Active Subunit activates ALL close proximity subunit active sites

Photosynthetic Efficiency

Positioning of primary e- acceptor

right next to highly energetic a pair e- result: maximizing oxidative power

Light harvesting complex

Phostosystems are Integral Proteins!

Integrins facilitate ECM>cytoplasm contact

pigment molecules positioned in a cluster maximize e- energy release in order to truly excite P680/700 of reaction complex

photosynthetic chemiosmosis

Stroma>Thylakoid space>Stroma direction of ATP formation

ATP deposited where needed the most by stroma occurring Calvin Cycle

Metalloenzyme Breaking H20

constant supply of e- to PSII

PEP Carboxylase's exclusive CO2 Affinity

minimizing photorespiration

movement

motor protein

kinetochore movement

kinetochore microtubule + motor protein separation of homologs & chromatids

kinetochore microtubule + motor protein separation of chromatids

microtubule + cytoplasmic dynein = lysosomal movement to fuse w/ plasma mem for exocytosis

Structure affects function & vice versa

Cell Compartmentalization = Increased Complexity/Specifity

Photosynthesis

Uncoupled Transcription/Translation

transcription @ Nucleus

translation @ Cytoplasm

All Genetic Information is expressed/transferred in a Regulated Manner

Cell Division

Meiotic Division: Result= haploid division of germ cells

Mitotic division: Result= diploid division of somatic cells

eukaryotic regulation

transcription factor-control sequence

eukaryotic coordinated control

Parallels to

chromatin folding @ nucleus

prokaryotic regulation

prokaryotic operon

plenty of space for 1. alternative splicing 2. polyribozymatic translation

Cristae folds

maximize space for # of ETC per mitochondria

lysosomes

risky acidic pH environment kept away from cell interior