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The Nervous System
Neurons
Send information around the body using electrical signals
Peripheral Nervous System
Part of the nervous system consisting of the nerves that connect the body to the nervous system
Central Nervous System
Part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord
Respiratory System
Lung
Holds oxygen to enter the bloodstream through diffusion
Bronchus
Deliver air into the lungs
Trachea
Separates into two different branches called bronchi
Pharynx
Tube that air flows down to reach the trachea
Mouth
Nasal Cavity
Allows air to enter the body
The Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Capilleries
Thin-walled blood vessel that enable the exchange of gas, nutrients and waste
Veins
Blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Arteries
Thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Heart
Heart Attack
Coronary arteries become blocked, preventing flow of blood and oxygen
Contracts to pump blood throughout the body
Blood
Types
Plasma
Protein-rich liquid which carries blood cells
Platelet
Assist in blood clotting
White
Recognize and destroy harmful bacteria and viruses
Red
Contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen throughout the body
Connective tissue that circulate throughout the body
Organs
Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Specialized tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the body to another
Muscle Tissue
Group of specialized tissues containing proteins that can contract and enable movement
Connective Tissue
Specialized tissue that provides support and protection
Epithelial Tissue
Tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and internal organs
Support of the microscope
Moves stage in small increments
Moves the stage to general focus
Connects base to nosepiece and eyepiece
Magnfication
Ocular Lens Magnification x Objective Lens Magnification
Magnifies the image created by the objective lens
Provides light through the stage onto the slides
Controls the amount of light passing through the slide
Where the slides is placed
Hold the slides in place on the stage
Different lenses with different levels of magnification serve to magnify the object
Holds the objective lenses
Holds the ocular lens
Only able to differentiate into certain types of cells
Can differentiate into any kind of cell
An undifferentiated cell that can divide into specialized cells
Treatments
Biphotonics
Detects and treats cancer through use of beams of light
Radiation
Damages and prevents cell division using ionizing radiation
Chemotherapy
Drug treatment prevents cancer cells from dividing
Surgery
Physically removing cancerous tissue
Causes
Mutation
Carcinogen
Environmental factors that cause mutations
Random changes occurring in DNA
Cytokinesis
Plate develops new cell wall
Cell membrane is pinched off in center
Mitosis
Telophase
New nuclear membrane forms around each group of daughter chromosomes
Anaphase
Centromere splits and sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell, becoming daughter chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Prophase
DNA strands condense and become visible chromosomes
Division of the nucleus' contents
DNA duplication
Cellular Respiration
Cell Growth
Spindle Fibres
Nuclear Membrane
Centromere
Structure that holds the chromatids together
Chromatid
One of two identical DNA strands that make up a chromosome
Chromosomes
A structure in the cell made of DNA
Structures in Plant Cells Only
Absorb light energy used in photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water + energy → glucose + oxygen
Single large membrane sac containing fluid to keep cells plump
porous structure found outside cell membrane, provides support and protection from physical injury
Structures Common to Plant and Animal Cells
Vacuoles
Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell
Tubes for transportation of materials throughout the cell
Contains enzymes that convert stored energy into usable energy
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + usable energy
Nucleas
Contains genetic information to control cell activity
Permeable membrane layering the cell
Water material containing organelles
https://www.123rf.com/photo_170422950_stock-vector-animal-cell-with-labeled-anatomic-structure-parts-diagram-outline-concept.html
Golgi Bodies
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Specific to Plants
Chloroplasts
Absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Vacuole
Membrane sac containing fluid
Cell Wall
Protective outer layer consisting of cellulose
Amoeba
Human
With a Nucleus
Bacteria
Without a Nucleus
