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1862 BRITAIN SENDS 10 000 TROOPS - sent to British North America - this is during the American Civil War
September,1864 THE CHARLOTTETOWN CONFERENCE - representatives from Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick - to discuss a Maritime Union - first of three sets of meetings
October,1864 THE QUEBEC CONFERENCE - representatives from Canada West, Canada East and the Atlantic Colonies - to discuss and debate the needs and wants of the colonies - only the province of Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia agreed to join confederation - Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland were not convinced
June,1866 THE FENIANS INVADE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA - the Fenians were members of a movement - 1 000 heavily armed Fenians crossed the Niagara River from Buffalo, New York - they were led by John O'Neil a former US Calvary officer - British North America was unprepared for combat, only half their troops had practiced firing their rifles with live amunition
December,1866 - March,1867 THE LONDON CONFERENCE - fathers of confederation traveled to England to write the British North America Act - the act officially ended their status as individual British Colonies - the colonies would be united by an act of the British Parliament
May 12,1870 THE MANITOBA ACT - the act officially created Manitoba as a province - it made sure the Metis' religious and language rights were guaranteed - the Metis and French Canadians were pleased by Prime Minister MacDonalds decision
1872 THE DOMINION LANDS ACT - this gave away land to farmers in the Northwest - this applied to farmers who cleared between 15-50 acres of land - farmers had to have planted crops and homes built within three years of settlement
May,1873 THE NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE ARRIVE - they maintained law and order in the area - ensured that First Nations complied with the regulations
1876 THE INDIAN ACT PASSES - set of regulations that controlled First Nations - the Metis and Inuit were not included in this act
1881 CONSTRUCTION OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY - the railway travelled through the Northwest - the government recruited people from China to build the railway - Chinese workers received $1 per day, while white workers got $1.50 - $2.50 per day - one Chinese worker died for every mile of the railway
1883 CANADIAN GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHES RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS - designed to assimilate and educate First Nations children - children as young as four, were taken from their homes and forced to live in schools away from their families - they were forced to learn and speak English or French - were forbidden from practicing their own cultural and spiritual traditions - most schools were located in Western Canada or Northern Ontario
November 16,1885 RIEL WAS EXECUTED - the jury found Riel guilty of treason, but recommended mercy - French Catholic Canada found Riel as a heroic defender of French and Catholic rights - if Prime Minister MacDonald freed Riel, he would offend English Canada, if he punished Riel harshly, he would lose Quebec's support - in the end, MacDonald decided to hand Riel
1890 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ACT - it cancelled funding for Catholic schools - it also eliminated French as an official language in the province - Prime Minister MacDonald refused to get involved, thinking that if he did it would strengthen the province's resistance to federal control
1892 LAWS FOR CHILDREN - people began to see childhood as a time for education and play - laws were passed that prevented children from working - child labor was discouraged - children were banned from entering saloons, pool rooms and dance halls - they were no longer allowed to beg or perform on the street - separate courts were created for children up to 16, who had been accused of crime
June 22, 1897 QUEEN VICTORIA'S DIAMOND JUBILEE - this occasion was an observance of the Queen's 60th anniversary on the throne - it was also an opportunity for all of the British Colonies to show their allegiance to the British Empire - the Queen's diamond jubilee was celebrated with parades, speeches, receptions all across Canada - the diamond jubilee brought Canadians from diverse backgrounds together - children also participated in these celebrations
1899 THE LONDON STREETCAR STRIKE - streetcar workers in London, Ontario, walked off the job - 79 strikers refused to work - the strikers' goal was to make their American employer, Henry Everett, raise their wages and reduce their hours - Everett refused and locked the employees out. Then replaced them with new, non-unionized employees - these new employees were known as Strikebreakers - This strike went on for a long time
1906 IMMIGRATION ACT - a more restrictive immigration policy - this act didn't restrict immigrants based on their culture, ethnicity, or nationality - the government would be allowed to prohibit any class of immigrants when necessary
1908 - 1910 CANADA ESTABLISHES A NAVY - Canada was called upon to show its loyalty to the British Empire again - Canada was asked to contribute money to build up its Navy - French Canadians opposed this policy, so Laurier proposed that Canada would build a small navy of its own instead - Laurier introduced the Navel Service Bill in Parliament on January 12, 1910
July 28,1914 - November 11,1918 FIRST WORLD WAR (WW1) - WW1 was the most brutal conflict in Canadian history - Nearly 61,000 Canadians died - the Canadian Parliament didn't choose to go to war, it was because of the British Empire - there was a fund called The Canadian Patriotic Fund, which collected money to support the families of the soldiers
