PENAAKULAN LOGIK : PERTANYAAN

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PENAAKULAN LOGIK : PERTANYAAN

The part of speech is a category to which a word is assigned according to its syntactic functions. In English the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

Menentukan Nilai Kebenaran Suatu Pernyataan Majmuk

A conjunction is a word like 'if' 'but' or 'and' which is used to connect sentences or clauses together.

Nilai kebenaran pernyataan majmuk boleh ditentukan.

Subordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that are used at the beginning of subordinate clauses. Some examples of these conjunctions are: although, after, before, because, how, if, once, since, so that, until, unless, when etc.

Pernyataan digabungkan menggunakan perkataan "dan " atau "atau ".

Pernyataan majmuk ialah gabungan dua atau lebih pernyataan.

Coordinating conjunctions always connect phrases, words, and clauses. They are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Contoh 4

A preposition is one of the most exciting parts of grammar. A preposition is used to describe the location of something in relation to something else.

q : 11 ialah nombor ganjil

B) p : 13 ialah nombor genap.

q : Segi tiga mempunyai lima sisi

A) p : Segi tiga mempunyai tiga sisi.

B) 13 ialah nombor genap dan 11 ialah nombor ganjil.

Compound preposition consists of two or more words.

A) Segi tiga mempunyai tiga atau lima sisi

Tentukan dua pernyataan p dan q daripada ayat majmuk di bawah.

When a preposition consists of one word it is called single or simple preposition.

Membina Pertanyaan Dalam Bentuk Aplikasi

An interjection is used to express emotion in a sentence.

Think of other interjections!

Jika x + 2 = 3, maka x = 1

Akibat : x = 1

Antejadian : x + 2 = 3

ii) IMPLIKASI "p jika dan hanya jika q"

Jika q, maka p

Jika p, maka q

Implikasi "p jika dan hanya jika q" terdiri daripada dua implikasi seperti berikut ;

i) IMPLIKASI "jika p, maka q"

q dikenali sebagai akibat

p dikenali sebagai antejadian

Pertanyaan "jika p, maka q" dikenali sebagai implikasi dengan keadaan ;

Membina dan Membandingkan Nilai Kebenaran Akas, Sonsangan dan Kontrapositif bagi suatu implikasi

An adverb is used to describe a verb, but it can also describe an adjective or another adverb.

Adverbs normally help paint a fuller picture by describing how something happens.

Kontrapositif : Jika 1 ≠ 3 + 2, maka 1 + 2 ≠ 3

Sonsangan : Jika 1 + 2 ≠ 3, maka 1 ≠ 3 + 2

Akas : Jika 1 = 3 + 2, maka 1 + 2 = 3

Implikasi : Jika 1 + 2 = 3, maka 1 = 3 + 2

Jika 1 + 2 = 3 + 2

Perbezaan Empat Jenis Pernyataan

iv) Kontrapositif : Jika ~q, maka ~p

iii) Songsangan : Jika ~p, maka ~q

ii) Akas : Jika q, maka p

i) Implikasi : Jika p, maka q

Menentukan Contoh Penyangkal Untuk Menafikan Kebenaran Pernyataan Tertentu

A numeral is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity.

Some theories of grammar use the word 'numeral' to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner to specify the quantity of a noun, for example the 'two' in 'two hats'.

Palsu.Segi tiga sama kaki tidak mempunyai semua sisi yang sama panjang.

Contoh

Semua segi tiga mempunyai sisi sama panjang

Membentuk Contoh Penyangkal

Bagi setiap pernyataan palsu sekurang-kurangnya satu contoh penyangkal boleh diberi untuk menafikan kebenaran pernyataan tersebut.

Main topic

Contoh 3

An article is a word used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea. Technically, an article is an adjective, which is any word that modifies a noun.

Indefinite articles are the words 'a' and 'an.' Each of these articles is used to refer to a noun, but the noun being referred to is not a specific person, place, object, or idea. It can be any noun from a group of nouns.

C) 18 bukan gandaan 3.Palsu

B) Pentagon tidak mempunyai lapan sisi.Benar

A) 13 bukan nombor genap.Benar

Penafian Pernyataan

It refers directly to a specific noun or groups of nouns.

C) 18 ialah gandaan 3.

B) Pentagon mempunyai lapan sisi.

A) 13 ialah nombor genap.

Bentuk satu penafian (~p) bagi setiap pernyataan (p) berikut dengan menggunakan perkataan "tidak" atau "bukan" dan tentukan nilai kebenaran penafian itu.

Menafikan suatu pertanyaan

A pronoun is a word that can be used in place of a noun, typically after the noun itself has already been stated.

Nilai kebenaran bertukar daripada benar kepada palsu dan sebaliknya selepas proses penafian.

A reflexive pronoun ends with ...self or ...selves and refers to another noun or pronoun in the sentence (usually the subject of the sentence). The reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

Penafian pernyataan p ditulis sebagai ~p.

Possessive pronouns are used to show possession. The possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, ours, and theirs.

Penafian pernyataan dilakukan dengan menggunakan perkataan "tidak " atau "bukan ".

The personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they. More often than not (but certainly not always), they replace nouns representing people.

Contoh 2

An adjective is a word that's used to describe a specific noun and to provide more detail to the listener.

B) Benar

2 + 3 = 5

A) Palsu

2 + 7 ≠ 5

2 + 7 = 9

Pernyataan

Superlative adjectives demonstrate a higher level of comparison between entities.

b) 2 + 3 = 5

a) 2 + 7 = 5

Tentukan sama ada semua pernyataan di bawah ialah benar atau palsu.Buktikan.

Expresses a comparison between two entities or groups of entities in quality or degree.

Contoh 1

A noun is defined as a person, place, thing or idea. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter. Common nouns, which are general words, such as 'cars,' are not capitalized.

Penyelesaian

A noun which refers to a group of things/people.

Bukan Pernyataan kerana ayat itu tidak dapat ditentukan nilai kebenarannya.

Pernyataan kerana ayat itu palsu.

Pernyataan kerana ayat itu benar.

Justifikasi

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted, even if the number might be extraordinarily high.

Uncountable nouns are nouns that come in a state or quantity which is impossible to count; liquids are uncountable, as are things which act
like liquids.

Berapakah bilangan sisi sebuah segi tiga?

Sebuah segi tiga mempunyai tujuh sisi.

Sebuah segi tiga mempunyai tiga sisi.

Tentukan sama ada ayat-ayat di bawah ialah pernyataan atau bukan pernyataan.

Proper nouns are the names of specific people or places. They should always begin with a capital letter.

Maksud

A verb is an action word or 'doing' word that signifies movement in some way.

Pertanyaan ialah suatu ayat yang dapat ditentukan nilai kebenarannya, iaitu sama ada benar atau palsu tetapi bukan kedua-duanya.

An auxiliary verb helps the main (full) verb and is also called a 'helping verb.' With auxiliary verbs, you can write sentences in different tenses, moods, or voices.