MGT162
Theory model
GOAL-SETTING THEORY
S -specific
M-measurable
A-attainable
R-relevant
T- time-bound
A process intented to increase
efficiency and effectiveness by specifying
the desired outcomes towards which
individuals,groups,departments and organizations works.
REINFORCEMENT THEORY
DECREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR
punishment
extinction
INCREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR
Negative desired behavior
Positive desired behavior
Avoid behavior that are punished.
Based on the idea that people learn
to repeat behavior that positively rewarded.
EQUITY THEORY
Focused on an individuals about how fairly
he or she is treated in comparison with others.
EXPENTENCY THEORY
EXPENTENCY
INSTUMENTALITY
VALENCE
Motivation to expend effort to do something
is determined by
outcomes/rewards are
value to the individuals.
rewards are attached performance
effort will lead performance
Content theories
of motivation
THEORY X AND Y (DOUGLAS MC'GREGOR)
THE ACQUIRED-NEEDS MODEL
HERZBERG TWO-FACTOR
MODEL
MASLOW'S HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS
O
Needs-based
aproaches to
motivation
Theory X and Y
Theory Y
allow employees to participate in decision making.
motivated by appreciation,encouragement
Enjoy work
Theory X
Dislike work
motivated by money and promotions
Expired by external
Acquired needs model
Learn from the life experiences
in the culture or country in which
we live.
Focused on need for :
Power
Affiliation
Achievement
Herzberg two-factor model
Hygiene
company policy( rules and regulartion) makes
workers feels uncomfortable.
job distatisfaction
motivator
workers statisfied with their works
job statisfaction
Maslow's hierarchy
of needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
achievement
Self-fullfillment
ESTEEM NEEDS
Feelings of achievement
and self worth through
recognition,respect and
pretige from others.
an
AFFILIATTION
A feeling of belonging
Love
Friendship
SECURITY
Emotional environment
Safe physical
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Shelter
Air
Food
Water
motivation
Early view of motivation
Human recourses model
Douglas McGregor's theory X and Y
*Workers can contribute the best of their ability
and by encouraging full participation by employees when
an environment are created.
Human relations model
ALTON MAYO &
THE HAWTHORN STUDIES
*people want to feel useful
and important
Traditional model
FREDERICK W.TAYLOR&
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
* people were motivated by money
Defination
Explains why people act they do.
Forces that moves individuals to take action
