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It was celebrated as a new coming of age for the Canadians
First allied victory since the beginning of the war
Four Victoria Crosses were given out at the end of this battle
Nearly 10,000 casualties in total in this battle
3,598 Canadians were killed
Ridge was conquered
Canadians won the battle
Battle was led by Sir Arthur Currie
Each soldier was given a map of the ridge
'Soldiers knew the battle field like the back of their hands'
Made his soldiers train over and over for this specific battle
Implemented tactics learnt in different battles into his own
Never lost a single battle
His tactics were what led to ultimate success
Organized the troops in into waves of attacks
Ridge was important because it was a good strategic position. It was great for both offensive and defensive strategies.
Battle was fought through blinding sleet and snow.
The British and French had already failed to conquer this territory previously
The ridge was finally captured from the Germans
All four of the Canadian divisions fought together for the first time.
Took place on the western front in France
Often called the, 'Birth of Canadian national pride and awareness.'
Happened in April, 1917
Later countries began to come together to make an organization that would be far more successful than the League. This new organization was named the United Nations or the UN.
The league of nations failed to stop WWII from occurring and as a result was dissolved in 1946
Made Canada seem more important as only the most powerful countries were in the league.
Important because it gave Canada a say in global issues
Had 3 seats in the league
Deal with global welfare problems
Settle problems between countries
Prevent war
To maintain world peace
From Enemy Side
From enemy side
From an enemy country
Didn't consider themselves Canadians
Didn't want to be apart of Canada
Conscription
Lots of riots and marches were taken out by the French
Raised lots of tensions in Canada
French Canadians were ultimately forced to got to war
Refused to go and fight or be apart of the war effort
Believed it to be a English war
didn't believe they should be apart of the war
Racially profiled very regularly
Shops, stores and belongings damaged on purpose by the white living in their neighborhoods
Made to work labour jobs in Canada
Washing Dishes
Packing Fish
Hauling coal
Charged a head tax
Chinese Immigration Act $50 upon arrival
belongings, homes, stores, companies were destroyed or vandalized by the white people already living there
Treated with lots of racism
Restricted immigration from Japan to a 150 people each year
They had to pass many specifications to even get here
Treated very cruelly
Many were lynched in the U.S after the war
Their efforts in the war weren't recognized back in Canada
Were oppressed and racially marginalized by the whites at the time
Made artillery in factories
Built trenches
Would carry the dead
Few made it to the front lines and got to fight
No.2 Construction Battalion
Not allowed in the battalions that fought on the front
Put in battalions that would build roads, and bridges
Treated very badly
Lost all of the freedom that they had gained during the war
Faced with lots of racism
Pushed away from cities and other people
No rights to vote
Felt included for once
Lots of freedom
Given many rights
Allowed to fight in the war
Stock market began to plunge
October 24, 1929
Prices of stocks and companies began to drop
When the stock market literally crashed
When the prices of stocks were absolute zero
October 29, 1929
Happened because of how people were misusing the stock market
Poor
Belongings had been taken by the banks
No money
Were bankrupt
Had no food
Malnourished
Homeless
Living on the streets also meant that diseases were running rampid.
After the strike
Positive Effects
Worker equality eventually became very important
Lots of the workers' rights were later granted
Social and economic problems of the worker's finally seen by government
Brought awareness to worker's rights
Forced to sign contracts saying they would never join a union
Many had no jobs to return to
Became illegal to join a union
Federal Government
Governments actions towards the strike
Government broadens the definition of sedition. (speech or action taken to set people up against the government.
Acts as a threat to other strike leaders
allows strike leaders to be arrested
Federal Immigration Act
Made to deport British-born immigrants
Federal employees forced to come back to work or face being laid off to come back to work or face being laid off.
Sets up meetings with the employers and the Citizen's Committee of One Thousand
Government supports the employers
Refuses to meet with the strike committee though
Comes in to Winnipeg to help with the building tensions between employers and employee's.
Strike committee
Formed to recognize the needs of the worker's
Formed to organize the tactics of the strike
One Big Union (OBU)
Was all across Canada
Supported workers and their rights
Citizen's Committee of One Thousand was formed in response to the strike
Made up of the richest people in the city
Were against the strike and convinced people against it.
ignored all workers' basic needs
Named all striker's 'aliens'
Actual strike
Bloody Saturday
2 strikers killed and 30 injured
Strike leaders put an end to the strike to avoid further conflict
Saturday, June 21
Thousands of strikers had come out to protest imprisonment of strike leaders
Special Police
2 strikers killed 30 injured
Attacked the strikers
Carried clubs and bats with spokes
Called in by the government
When the strike ended
The strike lasted 6 weeks.
25,000 to 35,000 workers walked out on strike
Happened Thursday, May 15, 1919
WTLC (Winnipeg Trades & Labour Council) Had a poll on whether or not to actually strike 11,000 voted yes, while only less than 600 were against it
Worker's Needs
A union
Wanted the right to bargain collectively
More rights at the workplace
More jobs
Most jobs had been taken over by women
Women had been kicked out to make space for the men entering the workplace
Higher wages
People were outraged that war profiteering individuals had a lot of money so they want money as well.
Workers wanted higher wages since the cost of living inflated. To keep up with the prices, they needed higher wages to support themselves and their families.
8 hour workday
They previously worked 12 hours a day.
Better working conditions
Protected worker's rights at the workplace
All unions for workers banned
Glenna Collett
American Hall of Fame golfing champion
Claimed her first of six U.S. championships in 1922
Bobby Jones
Most successful amateur golfer ever to compete on a national and international level
Helen Wills
Won 19 single championships
Won 2 Olympic gold medals
Won the Wimbleton
William Tilden
First American to win Wimbleton
Red Grange
Made 2 famous touchdowns
Played in the NFL
Jack Dempsey
He fought 83 bouts, won 66 (with 51 KO’s), lost 6 (with 1 KO), and drew 11
Babe Ruth
Played for
Boston Red Sox
New York Yankees
Hit a total of 60 homeruns in 1927
Lionel Conacher
'The Big Train'
Invented by: Dr. James Naismith
The Matchless Six
Jane Bell
Ethel Catherwood
Myrtle Cook
Ethel Smith
Jean Thompson
Fanny Rosenfield
Percy Williams
Set record for 100 m in the Olympics at 10.6 seconds
The Bluenose
Undefeated champion of the International Fisherman's Trophy
Howie Morenz
Won the Stanley Cup twice
Scored 51 points from 1927 to 1928
Presented with the Hart Trophy
Connected Canada because people could now travel to different parts of Canada more easily and quickly
Could bring supplies and needed resources to isolated areas such as the territories
Created travel across further distances easier
Created jobs
'Bush Pilots'
Mainly people who flew jets in WWI were pilots of these planes
Commercial airplanes created after WWI
There was 1 telephone per four families in the 1920's. By 1929 there were 3 telephones per four families
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell
Easier to contact people living in more isolated areas
Brought Canadians together
The Edmonton Grads
502 wins and only 20 losses
Easier to contact family
Could contact people living very far away
Uniting Canada
The car also increased mobile culture which also meant that people traveled more.
Made travel easier which meant that people traveled more. This united Canada because since travel was easier and cheaper people started to travel more.
Cars meant building of roads, motels, gas stations and such things to accommodate these cars
Created jobs for lots of people
Ended isolation of people living in remote areas
Advantages
Didn't cost much to make especially through the assembly line system
Workers could be paid less
Fewer workers were needed
Was easy to manufacture
Only one colour and engine were available
It was an incredibly popular way to travel
Affordable for all people
Gloria Swanson
Douglas Fairbanks
Greta Garbo
Clara Bow
Mary Pickford
Rudolph Valentino
Charlie Chaplin
Were blurry and had spots
Live music played in the background
Near the end of the 20's these films were replaced by 'talkies,' films with sound.
Actors would wear a lot of make up and had to exaggerate all of their actions so that it was easier to understand what was happening in the film.
Text was used in the background of the movie so that audience would understand what was going on.
Films were originally silent movies, no sound
Black and white
It was amusing for people to watch
Helped people to have some leisure time
Drama
Sports
Foster Hewitt's: Hockey Night
News
Music
Jazz music
Jazz dances also popular at the time
Dancing/singing at clubs
Going to clubs
Smoking in public
Drinking a lot
hair cut in a short bob
wore lots of makeup
lots of feathers on clothing
revealing clothing
heels
knee high socks
knee high skirts
These women put themselves out there more than ever
Bus Drivers
Factory workers
Tailors
Teachers
Nurses
Secretaries
Made so that the government would get people to vote pro conscription
Women who had relatives in the army could vote
Considered women as people
Decided that women were eligible to sit in the senate
Many women were beaten at these rallies and jailed for voicing thier concerns.
November, 1917 women rallying outside the White House were beaten and tortured by guards.
Women rallying for suffrage came from all different parts of Canada. All there for the same cause.
Women rallied a lot for their rights specifically for suffrage
The women's suffrage pleas were rejected many times; However this didn't stop women from continuing to fight. These women fought no matter the circumstances.
Each province gave women the right to vote in different years
Women gained the right to vote in 1928
The Famous Five: A group of five women who got together and fought for the right to vote. They made really big impacts back then.
Irene Parlby
Women's activist
Canadian women's farm leader
Louise Crummy McKinney
First woman elected to a legislature in the British Empire
First woman sworn into the Legislative Assembly of Alberta
Women's rights activist
Canadian politician
Nellie McClung
Suffragette
Social activist
Politician
Canadian author
Henrietta Muir Edwards
Women's rights activist and reformer
Emily Murphy
Leader of the Famous Five
Judge
Prohibited sale of alcohol to FN"s
FN's not allowed to speak their language
Prohibited sale of arms to FN's
Only FN's going to university with rights
Could move an entire reserve
Could take reserve property away
Created reserves
Could lease out parts of reserve to other people whenever needed
FN's not allowed to make political organizations
Renamed people on these reserves with European names
FN's not allowed to leave reserves without permission
Introduced residential schools
Denied any woman status
Banned traditional dances
Land couldn't be farmed
Camp couldn't be easily set up there
Camp land was muddy and uneven
Could be kicked off of reserves whenever the government felt it was necessary
Far from any resources
Far from water any clean water reserves and reserves in general
Far from other people and essentially civilization
No clean water
Sometimes no water at all
No resources for food to hunt
Couldn't practice culture
Totally controlled
Education
American/European Way Of Life
Laundry work
Field Work
Cleaning
Cooking
Farmwork
Religion
Christianity
Halloween
Easter
Thanksgiving
Christmas
Jesus
Language
French
English
Trauma
Pushed out of culture
Not allowed to speak their language
Only allowed to speak English or French
Their long traditional hair was cutoff
All were kids had the same hair cut
Change of clothes
Made to wear European clothes
Taught new ways of life
'Killing the Indian in the child"
Savage
Abuse
Emotional
Cultural
Culture made to look bad
Forced out of culture
Identity
Made to forget who they were
Loose cultural ties
Assimilation
Cannot speak native language
No more cultural clothes
Family made to look bad
Verbal
Spoken to in a demeaning way
Yelled at
Psychological
Isolated
Physical
Given labour jobs
Beaten
Sexual
Raped
Molested
Intergenerational Trauma
Parents of children who had been taken
Children dead
Jailed for trying to get their kids back
Drugs
Substance abuse
Lost children: can't find their children
Committed suicide
Fell into depression
Graduates coming out of these schools
Some former students families didn't recognise their children because of all the changes their children had gone through.
Children didn't recognise their families either
Graduates didn't remember their family
Some already had children due to the rape
The survivors children grew up in the same environments as their parents and so they also grew up homeless, addicted to drugs and essentially bad people
Were left homeless
