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They handle a speed range between 10 MHz and 600 MHz

INTERCONECTIVIDAD PRIMER CORTE

Johan Santiago Romero Duarte - 644392 Interconectividad

interconnectivity devices

Means of link

Today's networks use three types of media to interconnect devices to send data throughout the system.

Wireless Transmission

Electromagnetic wave patterns allow you to integrate patterns showing the various values in bits

Metallic Threads (Copper)

Information is encoded through electromagnetic pulses that match legible patterns.

Data flow

Focuses on the way frames are propagated through the network

The data is encapsulated in layer 1 through IP with an output and in layer 2 with a source and destination MAC address.

It is the movement of packets between layers 1,2 and 3 of the OSI model, so that the data is encapsulated to be effective.

Network Devices

According to its place in the OSI model

1. Physics

Hubs

A hub (HUB) is the device that allows centralize the wiring of a computer network, to later be able to expand it.

A hub (HUB) is the device that allows centralize the wiring of a computer network, to later be able to expand it.

A WiFi repeater, also called a WiFi amplifier or adapter, is one of the devices that you can find to extend the coverage of your home network

2. Media Link

Switches

It is a logical digital device for interconnection of equipment so its function is to interconnect two or more hosts in a similar way to network bridges, passing data from one segment to another according to the destination MAC address of the frames in the network and eliminating the connection after the connection is completed.

Bridge

In short, a bridge connects network segments forming a single subnet (it allows connection between computers without the need for routers). It works through a table of MAC addresses detected in each segment to which it is connected.

3. Routers

It is a device that allows interconnecting computers that work within the framework of a network. Its function: it is in charge of establishing the route that will be allocated to each data packet within a computer network.

1-7.Cloud

It is a collection of equipment that is present in the entire OSI model, it is used to search in detail for each of its characteristics, even though it is not direct in the process

TELECOMMUNICATIONS HISTORY

Subtopic

In the most important and relevant events in the history of telecommunications

APPS

The Smarthphones

First telephone company

Invention first cordless phone

Invention of radio

TOPOLOGY AND TWISTED PAIR

TWISTED PAIR

They are the physical medium through which information is transmitted

Cat7

ScTP

Cat6

Cat5

Cat4

Cat3

NETWORK TYPES

Various intercommunication structures in which data networks can be organized.

Ring interconnection

Se conectan en serie alrededor del anillo, es equivalente a unir los extremos de una red de bus, "Token ring"

Tree interconnection

It is a chain of different bus structures of different length.

Bus interconnection

All nodes are connected to a single transmission medium using transveivers.

Star Interconnection

Total and partial interconnection

This type of interconnection provides multiple links between nodes on the network.

OSI MODEL

It is an international ISO reference standard.

PHASES OF THE OSI MODEL

There are orderly levels or phases that allow hierarchical information and the processing models of an information system

1. Physical layer

Physical means of transmission. Error Test.

Coaxial cable, optical.

2. Data Link Layer

Access method. Collision management. Limitation of data blocks.

CRC-Check. CSMA/CD.

3. Network Layer

Addressing of other networks and flow control.

Communication between two subnets.

4. Transport Layer

Formation, repetition and classification of packages.

Secured packet transmission.

5. Session Layer

Synchronization. Request for answers. Establishment, dissolution and monitoring of a session.

Session coordination

6. Presentation Layer

Data representation. Diagnosis

Coding

7. Application Layer

User functions. Exchange of variables.

Read/Write, Start/Stop

PACKET TRACERT

It is an education-focused simulation and routing class tool created by the manufacturing company CISCO

Supplements real equipment and allows for expanding learning opportunities beyond the limitations of a physical classroom

Facilitates teaching by providing a free multi-user environment allowing instructors to easily teach

Simulates continuous real-time updates of underlying network logic and activities

Enables students to explore concepts, experimental behaviors, and test comprehension

Supports most protocols and technologies

Can be used to teach IT concepts

MOBILE TELEFONY HISTORY

It is an electronic communication device, usually of reduced design and based on radio wave

Telephony Generations

4G: Fourth Generation

Greater bandwidth, continuous improvement in technology and the miniaturization and immersion of APPS supported by the internet connection.

3G: Third Generation

It was revolutionary in the field of mobile telephony as it led to the appearance of the first cell phones that incorporated a color LCD screen, a fact that opened up an immense range of possibilities in terms of adapting new functions.

2G: Second Generation

It marks the step from analogue to digital telephony, through a series of protocols, improving continuous call handling, more simultaneous links in the same bandwidth.

1G: First Generation

Unmanageable size and weight, it worked in an analog way, that is, its transmission and reception of data was supported by a set of radio waves that changed continuously.

0G: Generation 0

It was used from the 50s and 60s onwards. To create a great variety of radio and remote communication devices.