Escenarios Regionales / South America

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Regional Studies/ South America

Bolivia

Poorest country in SouthAmerica

Evo Morales (2005)

Leftist reformist .

He reformed the constitution and reelected in 2009

Leftist reformist. First indingenous descent president of Bolivia

Nationalization of the oil industry in 2006 and also railroads and mines

More rights for the indigenous communities

More taxes for the wealthier population

Sanchez de Lozada (2002)

Strong recession, forced to ressign one year later

Paz Zamora (1989)

He continued with the same policies, he emphasized the domestic production of food and raw materials

Paz Estenssoro (1985)

Implemented strict measures against hyperinflation, because they had the highest inflation rate in the world

Political inestability

Between 1978-1982, "ten different governments were in charge of the country

Colombia

Juan Manuel de los Santos (2010 - ...)

He was the former defense minister of Alvaro Uribe

Alvaro Uribe (2002 - 2010)

He was first elected to gobern from 2002 - 2006.

He was reelected on the period 2006 - 2010.

Started a strong fight against cartels and guerrillas

Edgar Gaviria (1990)

During his term, the fight against cartels and to stop violence were approached in a more direct way

He was from the liberal party.

ELN and FARC were created

ELN: "Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional"

FARC: "Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia"

In the 70's, the importance of Colombia as a drug supplier grew immensely

At some point, 70% of the marihuana imported to the United States came from Colombia

Period "La Violencia" (1946 - 1964)

Confrontation between Liberals and Conservatives

Elite of coffee plantation owners

Peru

Alejandro Toledo (2001)

First indigenous president of the country

Alan Garcia (1985)

During his presidency, the insurgence problem grows

He is reelected after Alejandro Toledo, he still faces low approval and criticisms

Military took control (1975)

Was fueled by an economic crisis.

Shining path: Revolutionary organization that embraced Maoism and guerrilla tactics.

A civil government returned in 1980 with: Fernando Belaunde Terry

Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968)

Nationalistic government

Promoted an agrarian and educational reform

Venezuela

Hugo Chavez (1998)

He can reelect this year

Nationalization of:

Subtopic

Steel

Electricity

Telecommunications

Petroleum

Controversial because relation with Cuba and Iran

Populist regime with high expenses on education and food

Carlos Andres Perez

Luis Herrera Campins

Decreased exports, increases inflation and unemployment

Has lived uninterrumped democracy since 1958

Was not affected by dictatorship

Chile

Presidents

Sebastian Piñera (2010)

First conservative before Pinochet

Two weeks before inauguration an 8.8 earthquake hit Chile

Michelle Bachelet (2006)

She was a socialist and a divorcee

First female president of the country

Protests: especially from students demanding better education

After this, she regained popularity thanks to an increase in the price of the cooper.

Augusto Pinochet (1973)

Dictatorship, that used, repression to control the population.

Introduction to neoliberalism model

One of the first countries in Latin America to neoliberalism.

Salvador Allende (1970)

Member of the social party.

Brazil

Born as a result of Portuguese colonization.

Become South America's largest economy (2008)

Lula da Silva (2002)

First leftist to arrive presidency

Economy stayed open, regulated while regulating the flow of capitals

Fernando Collor de Mello (1989)

Won first direct elections

Militar dictatorship (1964 - 1985)

Caused by political and social inestability

Argentina

hola

Democratic process

Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner (2011)

She caused some controversy because of the possibility of her candidacy being an extension of her husband's power.

First female president in Argentina

Wife of former president

Raul Alfonsin (1983)

High hopes

Huge economic problems

Military took power (1976 and 1982)

1982

Conflict with Great Britain: Falkand Isles

Argentina lose

Reputation of military government damaged irreparably

1976

Military hunta headed by: General Videla

He was dictatorial, prosecuted anyone who opposed it.

Dictatorial, prosecuted anyone who opposed it

Not successful in economic terms

Lots of "desaparecidos"

"Desaparecidos": people who went missing under the dictatorial regime without a record of their whereabouts.

Traditionally goberned by an oligarchy

Was based on growing wheat and cattle, all with the suppor of the army.

One of the most famous presidents: Juan Domingo Peron (1946)

Was elected with the support of the workers and middle class.

Established an authoritarian and populist regime