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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Electrical circuits can be categorized primarily into parallel and series circuits. In a parallel circuit, the current divides into branches, ensuring that electricity continues to flow even if one pathway is interrupted.
Megnyitás
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS MEASUREMENTS CURRENT flow of electrons measured by: ammeter
units: ampere(A)
POWER definition: energy used per second units: watts(W)
VOLTAGE measured by: voltmeter connected in parallel
units: volts(V)
components DIODE current only flows when voltage is greater than 0.6v BULB curve RESISTOR straight line series - parallel current: all components are connected end to end to form only one path for the current to flow through the circuit. For example: multiple bulbs are connected with wire and also some are in the loop used for: voltage dividers parallel circuit: it is a circuit that comprises branches that the current divides and only part of it flows through any branch. example: light fixtures that use multiple bulbs. used for: to keep electricity flowing when one pathway is interrupted. series circuit: it is a circuit comprises a path along which the whole current flows through each component. examples: often lawnmowers have two switches in series with each other so both need to switch before the mower will turn on. used for: it provides exactly one path between any two points for electric current. TYPES series parallel circuit PARALLEL CIRCUIT SERIES CIRCUIT LAWS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT: KVL LAW ENTERING CURRENT AT NODE IS EQUAL TO LEAVING CURRENT AT NODE. KCL LAW THE ALGEBRAIC SUM OF VOLTAGE AT NODE IN A CLOSED CIRCUIT IS ZERO. OHMS LAW CURRENT THROUGH A CIRCUIT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE VOLTAGE ACROSS THE CONDUCTOR KIRCHHOFS LAW RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE: compares current in live and neutral wires. used in gardens. MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER: it replaces fuses. electromagnets used in it. melts if the current is too big. no protection against electric shock. FUSE: melts if current is too big no protection against electric shock EARTH LEAD: current directly flows straight to earth. protects against electric shocks PLUG INSULATION black NEUTRAL blue EARTH green and yellow LIVE fuse brown
Example: battery, lamps, generators, and so on. it can be defined as the path for transmitting electric current.
