- When learning a new language, the first step one must take is to learn its programming syntax. Programming syntax is programming languages and what grammar is to spoken languages. Therefore, in order to create effective code in the programming language, we need to learn its syntax — its principles and rules for constructing valid code statements and expressions.The word syntax refers to "the process of arranging things". It defines the principles and rules for constructing phrases and sentences in natural languages. - The next step one must take when learning a new language is to learn its keywords; by combining the knowledge of keywords with an understanding of syntax rules, one can create statements, Programming Blocks, Classes, Interfaces, et al.
Life Cycle Of Software Project and Programming
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by the software industry to design, develop and test high quality softwares. The SDLC aims to produce a high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates.
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Lifecyle of Software Project Phases
6) Maintenance: Once when the customers starts using the developed system then the actual problems comes up and needs to be solved from time to time. This process where the care is taken for the developed product is known as maintenance. The task of this phase is the proper functioning of the software. To improve a product or system, it should be continuously maintained. Software maintenance involves detecting and correcting errors, as well as extending and improving the software itself.
5) Deployment: After successful testing the product is delivered or deployed to the customer for their use. As soon as the product is given to the customers they will first do the beta testing. If any changes are required or if any bugs are caught, then they will report it to the engineering team. Once those changes are made or the bugs are fixed then the final deployment will happen. For a first time deployment, you can deploy the entire database and code repository, but going forward, you will only want to deploy the specific changes for all future release efforts. After this phase is complete, the product or system is considered formally delivered and accepted.
4) Testing : After the code is developed it is tested against the requirements to make sure that the product is actually solving the needs addressed and gathered during the requirements phase. During this phase all types of functional testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing are done as well as non-functional testing are also done. At this point, defects may be found and more work may be required in the analysis, design or coding.
3) Implementation or coding: This phase comes after a complete understanding of system requirements and specifications, it’s the actual construction process after having a complete and illustrated design for the requested system. Comprehensive testing and correcting any errors identified ensures that components function together properly, and that the project implementation meets the system specification. Usually during this phase,tasks will be broken down into release efforts so the application can be completed in parts and the client can preview what has been done during the process.
2) Design: In this phase the system and software design is prepared from the requirement specifications which were studied in the first phase. In the design phase, one or more designs are developed, with which the project result can apparently be achieved.The project supervisors use these designs to choose the definitive design that will be produced in the project. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture.
1) Initiation : Gathering And Analysis During the requirements gathering and analysis phase, it is very important that most of the major requirements are captured accurately. This phase is the main focus of the project managers and stake holders. Meetings are held in order to determine the requirements like; Who is going to use the system? How will they use the system? What data should be input into the system? What data should be output by the system? To aid in the needs analysis, it is sometimes necessary to have prototypes created
Generation Of Programming Language
5GL or fifth-generation language are programming languages that contain visual tools to help develop a program. A visual or graphical development interface create source language that is usually compiled with a 3GL or 4GL language compiler. Fifth generation programming allows people to interact with computers without needing any specialised knowledge. People can talk to computers and the voice recognition systems can convert spoken sounds into written words. Example:Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog
4GL or fourth-generation language is designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL language. Languages for accessing databases are often described as 4GLs. SQL, NOMAD, FOCUS, Python, and Ruby are examples of fourth generation programming languages.
3GL or third-generation language is a "high-level" programming language, such as PL/I, C, or Java. A compiler converts the statements of a specific high-level programming language into machine language.3GL, or procedural language uses a series of English-like words, that are closer to human language, to write instructions. A 3GL language requires a considerable amount of programming knowledge.
2GL or second-generation language is assembler (sometimes called "assembly") language.An assembler converts the assembler language statements into machine language. A typical 2GL instruction looks like this:
ADD 12,8 LDA 34
ADD #1 STO 34
1GL or first-generation language was (and still is) machine language or the level of instructions and data that the processor is actually given to work on (which in conventional computers is a string of 0s and 1s .e.g. 0010010010101111101010110)
