The Thirty Years' War
Where does English Civil War Fit in?
Trade?
does War on continent restrict / reduce trade & therefore both taxation and income for king & country?
Ideas of D. Right of Kings?
Did they form as a result of 30 years' war?
Increased Power of Catholic France?
pressure from Counter Reformation fans the fears of protestants?
Big Picture
following 1650 religion played less of a role in foreign relations
Long reformation followed 1650 is concerned with
bringin the message of reformed christianity to parishoners
Morebeth
movements concerned with reform in each confession
Peace of Westphalia 1648
contained imperial power through the Diet, in which protestand and calvinist had a voice.
reduced power of princes to demand confessional conformity
extends recognition to Calvinists
weakens Hapsburg imperial power.
secures hapsburg political power in central Europe
When peace is negotiated in 1635, Sweden is left out
France then enters the war as ally of Sweden and to prevent Hapsburg domination of Central Europe
Swedish entry re-ignites the war
Danish & English and Dutch "Protestant Union" is defeated when Danish Withdraw
Even though the way was open for Catholic forces to complete the work of the counter reformation this didn't happen
Counter-reformation became too entwined with increase in power of Spanish Hapsburgs.
Weak protestant (Palatinate) put in place by Bohemians, is ejected by Catholic forces, and his lands invaded
March 1629 - Edict of Resolution - whcih 'destroyed any semblence of political or confessional balance in the empire'
things go well for counter revolutionary forces
weakness in position of emperor leads to catholic 'ultra' being appointed king of Bohemia, traditionally protestant and tolerant, and subsequent revolt
role of religion
religious 'overtones' (wallace p155), but it was a political conflict.
Causes
Imperial constitutional crisis
contest between Denmark and Sweden for control over the Baltic
unresolved revolt in the Netherlands
power struggle between French and Hapsburg monarchies
