Teacher’s behaviour can change student’s behavioural problems by:
Fixed mindset to growth mindset
Explanation of growth/fixed mindset (amazing short animation)
-Replace the word ‘fail’ with ‘not yet’
-Reward (once again the process)
-Praise the process students engage in
Educational Psychology
Intelligence:
Intelligence, a structure or a process?
As a process, Sternberg’s triarchic theory of human intelligence
-A series of interdependent intelligence processes that people use to learn and solve problems
As a structure, Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
-Eight separate intelligence structures
There is no universal agreed-upon definition for this term
-Intelligence can be seen as different abilities such as: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence etc.
-It can be seen as groups of intellectual behaviours
-It can refer to the ability to learn from experience and the ability to adapt to one’s environment
Assessing students progress -To measure students achievement
Summative assessment
-It is to see how well student have learned the material
-Most of the times, right after the completion of a unit
Formative assessment:
-Students must have a clear understanding of the criteria by which their work will be assessed
-Teachers assess students understanding by asking questions as lessons are taught
Diagnostic assessment:
-Complete before instruction to adjust teaching methods
Effective Instructional Mechanism
Direct Instructions
-Taught through lectures or demonstration
-It eliminates misinterpretations
-Emphasizes well-developed lessons with clear learning objectives
Universal instructional design:
-Make appropriate use of technology
-Provide a variety of ways for students to demonstrate what they have learned
-Provides students with clear expectations for learning
-This design values and respects diversity (positive classroom environment)
-Inclusiveness and equity are its core elements
Creating a positive learning environment
-Always keep in touch with parents/guardians
-Know the students you teach
-Include students in classroom decisions such as rules, expectations etc.
-Build a community where everyone feels safe
Standardized Achievement Tests
There are some people who do not like standardized testing:
-They are used in Canada by provincial governments
-They are based on the learning objectives that should be common in all classrooms
-It is scored in a systematic manner
-Administered under the same conditions and within a specific time for everyone
-Contains the same questions for all test-takers
-Administered to a large group of individuals
Diverse learners:
Multicultural Education
-They must promote cultural identity but at the same time reduce prejudice toward ethnic minorities
-They must pay attention to how the topic should be emphasized when it is taught
-Teachers must understand each individual’s personal identity
There are many students whose first language is not English, and their teacher are middle-class Europeans and they don’t have the same cultural frames
When using knowledge about cultural/language backgrounds of students, academic achievement of students can increase
Two mindsets “We can grow our brain's capacity to learn and to solve problems”
Can intelligence be developed?
When facing a problem, what do students do?
2. They try solving it
-They believe their abilities can be developed
-They don’t think of failure
-They enjoy taking risks
-They are not afraid of challenges
1. They think they are not smart enough and give up
-They don't correct their errors
-They don’t want to learn from their mistakes
-Run from difficulties
-Find someone worse to feel better about themselves
-Cheat instead of studying, as they believe they will fail again
–They have a fixed mindset
Instructional practice
Students in the driving seat
-Greater engagement and students are motivated
-Students set higher challenges for themselves
-Students evaluate their work
-They become better at problem solving
Student-centred approach
Includes students in planning, implementation and assessment
Shift focus of instruction from teacher to student
Students-centered learning:
The power of student-driven learning (Ted Talk)
Teacher-centred approach
= Has all the power during a lesson
-Teacher determines content, gives directions, sets academic tone
