Cellular Respiration Mind Map

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Acetyl CoA

Oxaloacetate

STARTS AND ENDS HERE

Citrate

Buildup of Citrate inhibits PFK (stops it)

Isocitrate

a - Ketoglutarate

Succinyl-CoA

Succinate

ATP

Fumarate

Malate

H2O

FAD into FADH2

CoA

Coenzyme A is added

NAD+ into NADH

CO2

CoA and H2O

NAD+ is reduced into NADH

Pyruvate is decarboxylated and CO2 is released it now has 2 Carbons

Coenzyme A is attached to make Acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle

2 Cycle per Glucose

Products

2 FADH2

6 NADH

Oxidative Phosphorylation

FADH2

Accepts 2 protons

Accepts 2 electrons

2 Steps

Chemiosmosis

Final Step of Cellular Respiration

Pumps protons from inner membrane back down the (H+) gradient which results in the making of ATP through ATP synthase.

ATP SYNTHASE

Transport Protein

As protons move down the gradient ADP is turned into ATP.

Production of ATP is called Oxidative Phosphorylation

Electron Transport Chain

Complex I

Intermembrane Space

Complex II

Coenzyme Q

Complex III

Cytochrome C

Complex IV

Oxygen

Electronegative, Drives ETC. Removes 2 electrons from Complex IV and 2 Protons from the matrix (this makes water)

FAD2

Goes through Complex's 2, 3, 4

6 Protons

1.5 ATP

NADH

Goes through Complex's 1, 3, 4

10 Protons

2.5 ATP

Delivery of Electrons by NADH and FADH2

Electron Transfer & Proton Pumping

Splitting of Oxygen to form Water

Movement of Electrons

Electrochemical Gradient

NAD+ & FAD

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

4 CO2

Mitochondria Matrix

F16BP

DHAP

Energy Harvesting

Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvate enters Mitochondria via transport protein

Cytoplasm into Matrix

Aerobic

4 ATP

2 Pyruvate

Fermentation

Lactate

Muscle Cells

Mainly in Animals

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Pyruvate converted into lactic acid and energy

Pyruvate Decarboxylase

Alcohol

Mainly in Plants

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Microorganisms

Occurs in Yeast

Pyruvate converted into ethanol and CO2

2 Water

2 NADH

G3P

BPG

3PG

2PG

PEP

Pyruvate

2 ATP

Glycolysis

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Alternatives to Glucose Catabolism

Other Carbohydrates

Protein Catabolism

amino acids through hydrolysis

can enter through different stages

Occurs in Liver

Lipid Catabolism

triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

enter mitochondrial matrix undergo B-oxidation to become acetyl-CoA

1 NADH 1 FADH2

1 ATP

12-C fatty acid could produce 6 Acetyl-CoA molecules

2 C acetyl group removed binds with CoA to make Acetyl-CoA

2 glycerol molecules can combine to form 2 things:

2 DHAP which then turn into G3P

Factors affecting rate of respiration

Cycle is dependent on oxygen needs it to drive the ETC (EN)

Higher Concentration = faster reaction rate Will reach a point of saturation where it will be at peak production

higher temp= faster reaction rates

PFK

after energy investment

Buildup of ADP activated PFK

Build up of ATP inhibits PFK

Cytoplasm

Glucose

G6P

F6P

Anaerobic