Tree organigram

Mere som dette

ADAPTATIONS

af Darrel Liew

ResearchProjects

af Greg Donoghue

Organigram

af mikaela watkins

Kingdoms of Life

af Fed incerti

Common Ancestor with DNA

Bacteria

• Ester Linkage
• DNA Present
• Simple RNA Polymerase
• Formylmethionine
• Cell Wall contains Peptidoglycan

Common Ancestor

Eukarya

• Ester Linkage
• DNA Present
• Histones Present
• Membrane bound organelees
• Chromosomes located in membrane bound nucleus
• Multiple RNA Polymerases
• Methionine
• Cell wall (when present) does not contain peptidoglycan
• Membrane bound nucleus

Unikonta

Opisthokonta

• Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

Absorptive Heterotrophy and multicellularity

Common Ancestor (Gametic Life Cycle, complex organ systems, mobility)

Animals Common Ancestor

Porifera (No Symmetry, No tissue)

Giant Barrel Sponge

Eumetazoa (Tissues)

Ctenophora

Cnidaria (Radial Symmetry, Diploblasty)

• Incomplete Digestive Tract

Anthozoa

Elkhorn Coral

Common Ancestor (Medusozoa)

Scyphozoa

Moon Jelly

Hydrozoa

Bilateria (Bilateral Symmetry, Triploblasty)

Acoela

Deuterostomia (Radial and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus)

Chordata (Notochord, hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post anal tail)

Cephalochordata

• Single Circulation

Common Ancestor (Vertebrae, Cranium, Cartilagenous skeleton, Ectothermy)

Common Ancestor (Jaws)

Common Ancestor (Lungs or lung derivatives, Bony Skeleton)

Common Ancestor (Lobed fins)

Common Ancestor (Limbs w/ Digits)

Common Ancestor (Amniotic Egg, Endothermy)

Milk and Hair

Mammalia

• 4 chamber heart
• Double Circulation

American Black Bear

Reptilia

• 4 chamber heart for birds and crocodilians
• 3 chamber heart for lizards, snakes, and turtles
• Birds are endothermic
• Double Circulation

Green Sea Turtle

Amphibia

• 3 chamber heart
• Double Circulation

Red Eyed Tree Frog

Lungfishes

Lobe Finned Fishes

Coelacanth

Ray-Finned Fishes

• 2 chamber heart
• Single Circulation

Blue Tang

Chondrichthyes

• 2 chamber heart
• Single Circulation

Great White Shark

Agnathans

• 2 chambered heart
• Single Circulation

Lampreys

Hagfishes

Pacific Hagfish

Urochordata

• Single Circulation

Sea Peaches

Common Ancestor (Water Vascular System)

Echinodermata

• Pentaradial Symmetry in Adults
• Coelomate
• Water Vascular System
• Complete Digestive Tract

Ophiuroidea

Serpent Star

Echnoidea

Purple Sea Urchin

Holothuroidea

California Sea Cucumber

Asteroidea

Giant Sea Star

Common Ancestor (Spiral and Determinate Cleavage, blastopore becomes the mouth)

Lophotrochozoa (Trochophore larvae, lophophore)

Common Ancestor (Cephalization except for Bivalves)

Platyhelminthes

• Acoelomate
• Incomplete Digestive Tract

Tapeworms

Pork Tapeworm

Trematoda

Sheep Liver Fluke

Free Living Rhabditophorans

Common Ancestor (Trochophore Larvae)

Mollusca

• Coelomate
• Mollusks except Cephalopods have an open circulatory system
• Cephalopods have a closed circulatory system
• Complete Digestive Tract
• Mollusks have gills

Gastropoda

Golden Apple Snail

Bivalva

Soft Shell Clam

Cephalopoda

Humboldt squid

Annelids

• Coelomate
• Closed Circulatory System
• Complete Digestive Tract

Common Earthworm

Ecdysozoa (Ecdysis)

Common Ancestor (Complete Digestive Tract with Cephalization)

Arthropoda

• Coelomate
• Open Circulatory System
• Aquatic Arthropods have gills

Common Ancestor (Pancrustaceans)

Crustacea

Chesapeake Blue Crab

Hexapoda

• Tracheal System

Monarch Butterfly

Chelicerata

• Book Lungs

Southern Black Widow

Nematoda

• Pseudocoelomate

Roundworm

Choanoflagellates

Common Ancestor (Zygotic Life Cycle, cell wall)

Fungi

Black Bread Mold

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Amoebozoans

• Movement with pseudopodia

Slime molds

SAR Clade

Rhizaria

• Filose pseudopodia

foraminiferas

radiolarians

Common Ancestor of Stramenopila and Alveolata

Alveolata

• Membranous vesicles on cell membrane

Dinoflagellate

Stramenophila

• Tripartite flagellar hair
• Secondary Plastids

Giant Kelp

Diatoms

Excavata

• Feeding Groove
• Secondary Plastids

euglenoids

Archaeplastida

• Primary plastids

Common Ancestor (Chlorophyll a & b, b-carotene cellulose rich cell walls)

Common Ancestor (Ring-shaped cellulose synthesizing proteins phragmoplast)

Plants (Sporic Life Cycle, embryo, gametangia, sporangia, apical meristems, and dessiccation resistant spores)

Common Ancestor (xylem and phloem, dominant sporophyte, thick waxy cuticle, leaves, stomata and lignin)

Common Ancestor (megaphylls)

Common Ancestor (Seeds, Ovules, Wood, Heterospory, Pollen)

Angiosperms

• Have pollen
• Have a seed
• Have a fruit
• Have flowers
• Have an endosperm
• Are heterospory
• Have wood
• Have ovules
• Have ovaries

(flowers, ovaries, fruit, and endosperm)

White Water Lily

Southern Magnolia

Gymnosperms

• Have pollen
• Have a seed
• Do not have a fruit
• Do not have flowers
• Do not have an endosperm
• Are Heterospory
• Have wood
• Have ovules
• Do not have ovaries

Bald Cypress

Scots Pine

Monilophytes

• Sporic Life Cycle
• Has Embryo
• Has Dessication-resistant Spores
• Has Apical Meristem
• Has Gametangia, sporangia, and lignin
• Uses xylem/phloem
• Has true leaves and megaphylls
• Does not have lycophylls
• Sporophyte is dominant
• Has a thick waxy cuticle and stomata

Eastern Marsh Fern

Lycophytes

• Sporic Life Cycle
• Has Embryo
• Has Dessication-resistant Spores
• Have Apical Meristem
• Have gametangia, sporangia, and lignin
• Use xylem/phloem
• Has true leaves and lycophylls
• Does not have megaphylls
• Sporophyte is dominant
• Has a thick waxy cuticle and stomata

Fan Clubmoss

Hornworts

• Sporic Life Cycle
• Has Embryo
• Has Dessication-resistant Spores
• Have Apical Meristem
• Have gametangia and sporangia
• Do not have lignin
• Uses diffusion/osmosis
• Has no true leaves
• Does not conatain lycophylls or megaphylls
• Gametophyte is dominant
• Does not have a thick waxy cuticle or stomata

Field Hornwort

Mosses

• Sporic Life Cycle
• Has Embryo
• Has Dessication-resistant Spores
• Has Apical Meristem
• Has Gametangia and sporangia
• Does not have lignin
• Uses diffusion/osmosis
• Has no true leaves
• Does not contain lycophylls or megaphylls
• Gametophyte is dominant
• Does not have a thick waxy cuticle or stomata

Woolly Feather Moss

Liverworts

• Sporic Life Cycle
• Has Embryo
• Has Dessication-resistant Spores
• Have Apical Meristems
• Have Gametangia and sporangia
• Does not have lignin
• Uses diffusion/osmosis
• Has no true leaves
• Does not contain lycophylls or megaphylls
• Gametophyte is dominant
• Does not have thick waxy cuticle or stomata

Common Liverwort

Charophytes

• Zygotic Life Cycle
• No Embryo
• Does Not have Dessication-resistant spores
• No Apical Meristem
• Does not have a gametangia, sporangia, or lignin
• Uses Diffusion/Osmosis
• Has no true leaves
• Does not contain lycophylls or megaphylls
• Gametophyte is dominant
• Does not have a thick waxy cuticle or stomata

Zygotic Life Cycle

chlorophytes

rhodophytes

Archaea

• Ether Linkage
• DNA Present
• Histones Present
• Multiple RNA Polymerases
• Methionine
• Cell Wall (when present) does not contain peptidoglycan