Statistics ch1

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Statistics ch1

Conflict is present everywhere in the world around us. We experience conflict on a daily basis, and it can be minor or major.

Conflict in a story is a struggle between opposing forces. Characters must act to confront those forces and there is where conflict is born. If there is nothing to overcome, there is no story. Conflict in a story creates and drives the plot forward.

Type of statistics

In this type of conflict, a character must take on society itself, and not a single person. The character stands at odds with societal norms and realizes the necessity to work against these norms. This is an external conflict.

2- Inferential statistics

Give examples of man versus society conflict in the real world.

Are used to make statements about a population, based upon information from a sample; they're used to make inferences.

the area of it called hypothesis testing: a decision making process for evaluating claims about a population, based on inform. obtained from samples.

Use probability: the chance of an event occurring

1- Descriptive statistics

Give examples of man versus society conflict in a literary work.

Are used to describe or summarize data distributions.

Average median standard deviation mode

Population

This situation results from a protagonist working against what has been foretold for that person. While this conflict was more prevalent in stories where gods could control fate, such as in ancient Greek dramas, there are still examples of this type of conflict in more contemporary literature.

Is all possible cases that meet certain criteria; it is sometimes referred to as the universe.

Give examples of man versus fate conflict in a literary work.

Sample

A more contemporary type of conflict, this situation results from humans involved in a struggle with man-made machines. This is an external conflict.

Is a portion of the population or universe

Give examples of man versus machine conflict in a literary work.

Error

Nonsampling error

Sampling error

the four methods of sampling are

4- cluster sampling

3- stratified sampling

2- systematic sampling

1- random sampling

Data: the values that the variables can assume.

This conflict develops from a protagonist’s inner struggles and may depend on a character trying to decide between good and evil or overcoming self-doubt. This conflict has both internal and external aspects, as obstacles outside the protagonist's force them to deal with inner issues.

Data value: each value in the data set.

Give examples of man versus self conflict in the real world.

Data set: A collection of data values

Give examples of man versus self conflict in a literary work.

Is the science of conducting studies to:

In this type of conflict, a character is tormented by natural forces such as storms or animals. This is also an external conflict.

Collect

Draw conclusion from data

Analyze

Summarize

Give examples of man versus nature conflict in the real world.

organize

Give examples of man versus nature conflict in a literary work.

Variables: is anything that can vary; it's anything that can take on a different quality or quantity.

A situation in which two characters have opposing desires or interests. The typical scenario is a conflict between the protagonist and antagonist. This is an external conflict.

Level Measurement of the data:

Give examples of man versus man conflict in a literary work.

Ratio level

Has all the characteristics of the interval level of measurement, plus what is typically referred to as legitimate zero point.

Interval level

Has all the characteristics of the ordinal level of measurement, plus an underlying scale of equal intervals.

Ordinal level

Has all the characteristics of nominal level of measurement, plus the notion of order (i.e., greater than and less than).

Nominal level

Is based upon categories that are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive.