Naming
# of carbons
1=meth-
2=eth=
3==prop-
4==but-
5=pent-
6=hex-
7=hept
8=oct-
9=non-
10=dec -
Position of double/triple bond
Number of double/triple bond
Alkyl groups
Sufix(Functional group)
Carboxylic acid=-oic acid
Ester=-onate
Amide=-Amide
Aldehyde=-al
Ketone=-one
Alcohol=-ol
Amide=-Amide
Hydrocarbon =-e
Alkane=an
Alkene=en
Alkyne=yn
Special benzenes
Benzene
Toluene
Phenol
Cyclo if ring shaped
Hydrocarbons
Alkane
sp3 hybridized
Ex: ethane
Note: very non polar due to weak delta positive hydrogen
Cyclic Alkane
Carbon chain forms a ring
Ex: cyclohexane
Benzene
Carbon chain forma a ring with three double bonds and a graphene layer
Ex:methylbenzene
Alkene
sp2 hybridized
Ex: ethene
Shapes
Cis: larger functional groups on same side of double bond
Trans: larger functional groups on opposite side of double bond
Alkyne
sp hybridized
Ex: ethyne
Contains oxygen
Adehyde
Contains carbonyl group
Oxidation of primary alcohol
Ex: Ethanal
B.P
Carboxylic acid>
Alcohol>
Aldehyde/
Ketone/
Ester>
Ether
Ketone
Contains carbonyl group
Oxidation of secondary alcohol
Ex: ethanone
Carboxylic acid
Contains carboxylic group
Oxidation of aldehyde
Ex: ethanoic acid
Ester
Alcohol+carboxylic acid
Fruity smell
Ex: ethyl acetate
Alcohol
Contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Ex: ethanol
Tertiary
C with OH has three C-C bonds
Secondary
C with OH has two C-C bonds
Primary
C with OH has one C-C bond
Ether
Two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen
Ex: ethoxyethane
Contains nitrogen
Amine
Nitrogen attached to the carbon group
Has a bad smell
Ex: trymethylamine
Amide
Amine+Carboxylic acid
Ex: methanamide
Important
Name all identical chains at once
Order alphabetically
position on main chain
Number of functional group
Side chain suffix
Functional groups
NH2=amino
OH=hydroxy
NO2=nitro
Benene=phenyl
Alkane= #C+yl
Ester=#C+yl
Ether=#C+oxy
Br=bromo
Cl=Chloro
F=fluoro
I=Iodo
# of carbons
1=meth-
2=eth=
3==prop-
4==but-
5=pent-
6=hex-
7=hept
8=oct-
9=non-
10=dec -
If ring shaped,
cyclo
2=di
3=tri
4=tetra
5=penta
6=hexa
7=hepta
8=octa
9=nona
10=deca
"#-"
"#,#-"
"#,#,#-"
etc...
If nitrogen is present
"N-"
"N,N-"
"N,N,N-"
etc
Chain with lower IUPAC priority
IUPAC naming priorities
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Amine
Alkene
Alkyne
Alkane
Ether
Alkyl Halide
Longest chain= main chain
Highest priority=main chain
Rest= side chain
Types
Tertiary
Three C-N Bonds on N
Secondary
Two C-N Bonds on N
Primary
One C-N Bond on N
Chains
CIS (Z)
TRANS (E)
If double bonded Isomer
Side chain
No space
Exception: ester
Main chain
Chain with higher IUPAC priority
