Estados de actividad cerebral: sueño y ondas cerebrales

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¿QUÉ CONDICIONES FISIOLÓGICAS DEBEN DARSE PARA ALTERAR PATOLÓGICAMENTE EL SISTEMA NERVIOSO, ENDOCRINO Y CIRCULATORIO?

由Fernanda Cañas

Estados de actividad cerebral: sueño y ondas cerebrales

To name your story, you have to think about the overall message and what you want your audience to understand from the story. Also, make it relevant and easy to remember.

Cambios del EEG en diferentes fases de la vigilia y del sueño

sueño

Etapa 4

Son ondas delta

Etapa 2,3 y 4:

Las ondas EEG bajas

Sueño de ondas lentas

Etapa 1: Tiene sueño ligero

Las ondas de EEG bajas

vigilia

En estado de tranquilidad suele asociase con las ondas alfa

En estado alerta tiene ondas beta de alta frecuencia

Efectos de los diversos niveles de la actividad cerebral sobre la frecuencia del EEG

Se relaciona entre la actividad cerebral y la frecuencia del ritmo del EEG

-ondas β en los momentos de intensa actividad mental o miedo

-ondas α durante las situaciones de relajación

-ondas θ en los estados psicomotores

-ondas δ en circunstancias de aletargamiento anestesia quirúrgica y sueño profundo,

Origen de las ondas cerebrales

Origen de las ondas Delta

Aparece en el sueño profundo

Las fibras procedentes del tálamo bloquean la actividad talamica, eliminado las ondas alfa

Origen de las ondas alfa

Derivan de una oscilación retroalimentación espontanea

Su frecuencia es de 8 a 13 segundos

No aparecen en la corteza cerebral si no existe conexiones talamicas

Ondas cerebrales

Onda Delta

Se da en el sueño profundo, lactancia y en personas con enfermedades del cerebro

Poseen voltajes del doble a comparación de las otras ondas

Todas las ondas con frecuencias menores a 3,5 ciclos/seg

Onda Theta

Región parietal

(Adultos en situaciones de estrés emocional)

Normalmente en niños

Frecuencia entre 4 y 7 ciclos/ seg

Onda Beta

Región frontal y parietal

Frecuencia superior mayor a 14 ciclos/seg llegando hasta los 80

Mayor frecuencia menor voltaje

Asincrónicas

Onda Alfa

Mayor intensidad región occipital

Adultos sanos despiertos en estado de reposo

Frecuencia entre 8 y 13 ciclos/seg

Rítmicas

Funciones fisiológicas del sueño

The ending of a story is essential. We all know that if the ending is weak, what happened before loses its importance. So make it unpredictable, but fair. A resolved ending answers all the questions and ties up any loose threads from the plot.

Valor principal del sueño: restablecer los equilibrios naturales entre los centros neuronales

El sueño sirve para muchas funciones como:

Conservación de la energía metabólica

Eliminación de los productos metabólicos de desecho

La cognición

Facilitación del aprendizaje o memoria

Madurez nerviosa

Efectos sobre otros sistemas funcionales del cuerpo

This is the closure section of the story.
See examples of possible outcomes below:

• all problems have been solved
• it's clear how each one of your characters ends up
• your main character is transformed by the challenge

Efectos sobre el sistema nervioso

This is the moment when the main character surpasses the last obstacle and finally faces their greatest challenge.
The climax usually follows one of these patterns:

• realization
• resolution
• choice

Type in your answer.

los mas importantes

Teorías básicas sobre el sueño

The middle of the story is where you add layers of complications that will lead to the end. Reveal more about the character's journey. Did their personality go through changes? How did they overcome the challenges? And as you build up the story’s central conflict, make it more personal to that character. Also, from the middle act, you have to lead into the final act.

Ciclo del sueño y vigilia

Posible causa del sueño REM

Otras posibles sustancias transmisoras relacionadas con el sueño

Lesiones en los centros que favorecen el sueño

There wouldn't be any tension and excitement in your story if there weren't any obstacles in your character's way.

Centros nerviosos, sustancias neurohumorales y mecanismos capaces de causar sueño

Your character(s) need(s) motivation in order to solve the challenge(s).

3.- Regiones del diencéfalo

Secondary characters also might have motivs beacuse of which they may cross path with main character or which might trigger them to help the main character.

2.- Núcleos del tracto solitario

Secondary characters might also have motives that lead them to cross paths with the main character or which might trigger them to help the main character.

1.- núcleos del rafe en la mitad inferior de la protuberancia y bulbo raquídeo

Why does your character need to confront this challenge? What does he/she expect to accomplish by solving it?
See a few examples:

• will marry in 3 days
• can fix the mistakes of the past

Ocasionado por un inhibidor activo

Each story has a main character and that character usually needs to solve a problem or challenge. The character's challenge is the one that creates tension throughout the story.

Sueño

In the beginning of the story (or the exposition), you will need to introduce the setting and characters. You might also want to introduce the main conflict. This part of the story is important because it gives the reader necessary background information and maybe even a first insight into a character’s personality.

Movimientos oculares rápidos (REM)

The setting (time & place) of a story can change throughout the plot.

Encéfalo activo en sueño REM, sueño paradójico

Movimientos musculares irregulares y movimientos rápidos de los ojos

Frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria irregular

Sensory details include sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. These details are important because they create depth in your setting.
See a few examples below:

• the smell of fresh bread
• the scent of freshly cut grass
• rain falling onto the windshield etc.

Tono muscular deprimido

The weather is an important element in your story because it can highly influence the ambiance and the mood of the characters.

Difícil despertar con estímulos sensoriales con ondas lentas

The time of the story can also change. It can describe the event of a single day or can include an entire year's plot. Anyway, don't forget to mention it.

Movimientos activos de los músculos del cuerpo

Your story can take place wherever your imagination will take you to.
For example: in an elevator, in an enchanted forest, etc. Don't forget to give details of the environment each time the setting changes, otherwise, the story can be confusing. Also, mention the seasons as each of them has unique weather and events.

Ondas lentas

Characters are essential to a good story. Usually, the protagonist(s) is/are the most affected by the plot. Introduce a character by focusing on their actions, interests, and occupation, as the physical appearance doesn't make a difference in most cases.

Sueño reparador asociado al descenso del tono vascular

Type in the name of your character.

Disminuye del 10 al 30% y la presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca e índice metabólico basal

Add other qualities/attributes of the character.