Psychological Schools of Thought
Behaviorism
-a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.
Ivan Pavlov
Conditioning
Experiment
B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Skinner's Box
Noam Chomsky
States we learn language
through association, imitation,
and reinforcement.
Psychoanalysis
-Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.
Sigmund Freud
Id
(Instinctual part of the mind)
Ego
(Rational part of the mind)
Superego
(Morals of the mind)
Karen Horney
Founder of feminine psychology
Carl Jung
Personal Unconcious
(unique to each individual)
Collective Unconscious
(inherited pool of memories from
our ancestors)
Humanism
-Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
Abraham Maslow
Self-Actualizing
Viktor Frankl
Logotherapy
(A form of psychotherapy that
tries to help the patient find the
meaning to their life)
Carl Rogers
The Client-Centered Model
(focuses on the potential of
each person to realize their
own growth in self-awareness
and self-fulfillment.
Cognitive
-Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking".
Albert Bandura
Studied how people
learn behavior by
watching and imitating
others
Bobo Doll Experiment
Elizabeth Loftus
False Memories
Mall Story Experiment
Laura Melnyk's book
"The development of
Metasuggestibility in Children"
provides truth to Loftus' theory