pronunciation
stress
Native speakers know which part of a word should receive the hardest emphasis
Example: Photograph
stress in words also depends on the grammatical function of the word
Also depends on the intention of the sentence
EXAMPLE: Run
How to say a word
How to pronounce it.
sounds
All words are made up of different sounds
CAT- /K/,/A/,/T/
People need to know this sounds in order to understand others and be understood
One of the foreings speakers of english problem is that usually we can´t pronounce well the individual sounds
Intonation
The music of speech
Tone of voice and tune of the speech
You could ask a question
You might assume something