"Zebras, Unhappy Marriages and the Anna Karenina Principle"

Diet: it's easier to feed herbivores than it is to raise herbivores to feed to carnivores

Growth Rate: domestic animals must grow quickly to be worth raising

Problems of Captive Breeding: many creatures have elaborate courtship rituals (such as cheetahs) and refuse to perform the ritual(s) in question

Nasty Disposition: some animals simply refuse to be caught and tamed, they are too feral (such as zebras which beome exceedingly dangerous as they age)

Tendency to Panic: one must be able to catch an animal to tame it

Social Structure: must live in herds, maintain dominance hierarchy, and occupy overlapping home ranges

Sheep

Wild Ancestor: the Asiatic mouflon sheep of West and Central Asia. Now worldwide.

Goat

Wild Anestor: the bezoar goat of West Asia. Now worldwide/

Cow, alias Ox or Cattle

Wild Ancestor: the now extinct aurochs, formerly distributed over Eurasia and North Africa. Now worldwide.

Pig

Wild Ancestor: the wild boar, distributed over Eurasia and North Africa. Now worldwide. Actually an omnivore, whereas the other 13 of teh Ancient Fourteen are more strictly herbivores.

Horse

Wild Ancestor: now extinct wild horses of southern Russia; a different subspecies of hte same species survived in the wild to modern times as Przewalski's horse of Mongolia. Now worldwide.

Arabian (one-humped) camel

Wild Ancestor: now extinct, formerly lived in Arabia and adjacent areas. Still largely restricted to Arabia and northern Africa, though feral in Australia.

Bactrian (two-humped) camel

Wild Ancestor: now extinct, lived in Central Asia. Still largely confined to Central Asia.

Llama and Alpaca

These appear to be well-differentiated breeds of the same species, rather than different species. Wild ancestor: the guanaco of the Andes. Still largely confined to the Andes, although some are bred as pack animals in North America.

Donkey

Wild Ancestor: the African wild ass of North Africa and formerly perhaps the adjacent area of Southwest Asia. Originally confined as a domestic animal to North Africa and western Eurasia, more recently also used elsewhere.

Reindeer

Wild Ancestor: the reindeer of northern Eurasia. Still largely confined as a domestic animal to that area, though now some are also used in Alaska.

Water Buffalo

Wild Ancestor lives in Southeast Asia. Still used as a domestic animal mainly in that area, though many are also used in Brazil and others have escaped to the wild in Australia and other places.

Yak

Wild Ancestor: the wild yak of the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau. Still confined as a domestic animal to that area.

Bali Cattle

Wild Ancestor: the banteng (a relative of the aurochs) of Southeast Asia. Still confined as a domestic animal to that area.

Mithan

Wild Ancestor: the gaur (another relative of the aurochs) of India and Burma. Still confined as a domestic animal to that area.

The only thing that prevented horses from spreading beyond West Africa was trypanosome diseases borne by tsetse flies.

By the 19th century North America's Great Plains Indians were famous as expert horse-mounted warriors and bison hunters, but they did not even obtain horses until the late 17th century.

If some local wild mammal species of those continents had been domesticable, some Australian, American, and African peoples would have domesticated them and gained great advantage from them, just as they benefited from the Eurasian domestic animals that they immediately adopted when those begame available.

Most captives are eventually eatedn, though some are kept just as pets.

cows, pigs, and sheep shrunk

guinea pigs grew

llama and alpaca

China

chicken

Eurasia

duck

goose

wolves

Mesoamerica

turkey

Africa

guinea fowl

South America

muscovy duck

North America

wolves

13 / 14

Including: sheep, goat, cow
(ox or cattle), pig, horse,
arabian (one-humped) camel,
bacterian (two-humped) camel,
donkey, reindeer, water buffalo,
yak, bali cattle, and mithan.

Southwest Asia

seven of the wild ancestors

Tibet and adjacent highlands

yak

Sub-Sahara Africa

North America

Australia