Matrices

Definición

Conjunto de números o símbolos colocados en una tabla con casillas horizontales y verticales.

Cuadro de números o elementos dispuestos ordenadamente en filas numeradas de arriba a abajo y columnas de izquierda a derecha.

Se simboliza por A que esta en la fila (i) la columna(j)

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Propiedades

En el caso de realizar una suma: Asociativa: A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C Conmutativa: A + B = B + A Matriz nula: O: A + O = O + A = A Matriz opuesta: A + (–A) = O

Del Producto: Asociativa: (AB) C = A ( BC) Distributiva a Derecha: (A + B ) C = AC + BC Distributiva a la Izquierda: P(Q + R) = PQ + PR Matriz Nula: 0A = 0 y A0 = 0

Transpuestas: a) (At)t = A
b) (3·A)t = 3·At
c) (A + B)t = At + Bt
d) (A·B)t = Bt·At

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Tipos de Matrices

Matriz Fila Es la que esta formada únicamente por una fila

Matriz Columna: Matriz que solo tiene una columna, es decir, su dimensión es m × 1

Matriz Nula: Matriz que tiene todos sus elementos nulos. Se denota por 0

Matriz Cuadrada: Matriz que tiene el mismo número de filas que de columnas, es decir, m = n.

Matriz Diagonal: Se denomina diagonal principal de la matriz cuadrada A = ( aij ) a los elementos aii, es decir:
a11, a22, a33,..., ann.


Se denomina diagonal secundaria de la matriz cuadrada A = ( aij ) a los elementos aij con i + j = n + 1.

Matriz Identidad: Donde todos sus elementos son ceros (0) menos los elementos de la diagonal principal que son unos (1)

Matriz Transpuesta: Dada una matriz A es la matriz obtenida cambiando sus filas por sus columnas. La denotamos por At.

Matriz Triangular Superior: Es una matriz cuadrada en la que todos los elementos por debajo de la diagonal principal son nulos (matriz A).

Matriz triangula inferior: Es una matriz cuadrada en la que todos los elementos por encima de la diagonal principal son nulos (matriz B)

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Referencias

Colaboradores de Wikipedia. (15 de marzo de2022). Matriz (matemática). Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. https://shortest.link/3uCh

Colaboradores de marc.gisbert@matricesydeterminantes.com. (30 de abril de 2021). Definición de matriz y tipos de matrices. Matrices y determinantes. https://www.matricesydeterminantes.com/matrices/tipos-de-matrices/

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