Diversity

Bacteria: group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus)

most bacteria fall into this general category

Archaea: a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus) that have distinct molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria and eukaryotes

Archaeans include inhabitants of some of the most extreme environments on the planet.

multicellular, unicellular, colonial membrane bound nucleusseveral rod shaped chromosomes present their cell division is different presence of double membrane nucleus variety of reproduction and recombination cycles

characteristics:eukaryoteicchemohetrotrophic (cannot produce their own food, and therefore must absorb it)reproduce thru sporesboth sexual and asexualusually not motilefeature alternation of generations have cell walls composed of chitin

Zygomycota are able to reproduce both sexually and asexually.ZygosporangiaIn fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding structures, from mycelia of the same (in homothallic fungi) or different mating types (in heterothallic fungi), and may be chlamydospores.

sexual reproduction and asexually through buddingAsexual: Conidiophores reproductionSexual: Ascocarp reproduction

mushrooms, dub fungiSexual reproduction in Basidiomycota takes place in the fruiting bodySexual: Basidium reproductionAsexual: Conidia reproduction

parasitic fungiasexual reproductionproduce their spores asexually, in the process called sporogenesis

parasitic fungiasexual reproductionproduce their spores asexually, in the process called sporogenesis

most diverse kingdomall protists are aquaticHeterotrophic or autotrophicmotileUnicellular (some are multicellular)large, complex cells with many organellesmove using pseudopods, cilia, or flagellaeukaryotic microorganisms and their eukaryotic microorganisms and their immediate descendants often classified based on their behaviour often classified based on their behaviour into plant-like, animal-like and fungus-like protists

moves by means of pseudopods. Pseudopods stands for by means of pseudopods. Pseudopods stands for false feet These false feet normally stretch towards the prey

moves because it is surrounded by tiny hair like projections that beat like the oar of a boat propelling organisms through water.the cilia are also used to propel and direct foodtoward mouth opening

move by beating a long whip like flagella

non motile. They rely on other organisms to distribute them

The most recognizable of the plant like The most recognizable of the plant like protists are the (green) algae********** - no longer considered a protist–now a plant-longer considered a protist now a plant 2011 differences between the various classesdifferences between the various classes are mostly based upon the type of chlorophyll present and the structure of the chlorophyll present and the structure of the cell wall

peristaltic waves pass along the elastic pellicle resulting in a limited form of locomotion called euglenoid movement.Euglena is a single-celled microorganism that has both animal and plant characteristics

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similar to fungi similar to fungi, especially in terms of their appearance and nutrition saprophytic heterotrophs (digesting food externally and then absorbing it) externally and then absorbing it)

multicellularPhotosynthetic (Contain chlorophyll a and b)•Alternation of Generations develop from embryosarise from multicellular structures in the maternal tissueproduct of sexual fusionEvolutionary transition:stand upright, Prevent moisture lossWaxy coating CuticleStomata - control exchange of gasesconducting tissue for moving nutrients and wastesRhizoids (pre roots)Xylem (water and dissolved materials) and phloem (sugar transport) (vascular tissue)reproductive strategies for terrestrial environments

Devolped vascular tissues (helped with water conservation and standing up sraight)

developed reproductive strategies for terrestrial environment(The zygote is protected in a seed)-- The seed can be dispersed, unlike the zygote of non-seed plants 

naked seeds. –seed is not covered with a fleshy fruit. sporophyte produces both male and female cones

Flowering plants - Anthophytareproduction takes place within the flower. sporophyte is the dominant part of the life cycle. PollinationDispersal-- They need a method to disperse their gametes and seedsSecondary Metabolites-- Chemicals that are necessary for life OR allow the plant to be successfulThe gametophytes are microscopic Angiosperms are divided into two groups, dicotyledons (dicots) and monocotyledons (monocots)

They are multicellular organisms all of them are eukaryoticmust feed on other organisms in order to survive their cell walls are absent specialized tissue a blastula stage of development motilitysexual reproduction

they are pore bearing multicellular animals their body has no organs they have holozoic nutrients radial symmetry they are able to generate their lost parts body is asymmetricalthey are diploblastic animals with two layers, outer dermal layer, inner gastral layer non-cellular mesoglea

Diploblastic animals.aquatic, mostly marine animals Radial Symmetry tissue level of organisationpolymorphism has two body forms, polyp and medusa Stinging cells called cnidoblastshas a cavity called  coelenterates

They are triploblastic acoelomate bilaterally symmetrically may be free living or parasitesbody has a soft covering with or without cilia their bodies is dorsoventrally flattened no segments appears like a leaf

Their body is bilaterally symmetrical as well as triploblasticTissue level organization Their body has a cavity they are sexually dimorphic they have an alimentary canal that is distinct including a mouth and anus the skin is usually not composed of cells like usually animals but instead a mass of cellular material

Characteristics

Mostly found in Marine and Fresh Water Their Body has a cavity Body is divided into 4 main parts, head, visceral mass, muscular foot and mantle the head is made up of tentacles and compound eyes The body is covered by a calcareous wall Bilaterally symmetrical body Body is typically soft and unsegmented They are triploblastic, which is three layers

Has an exoskeleton bilateral symmetry Segmented bodies Jointed Appendages they have an open circulatory system have specialized appendages Have a very adaptable body plan

have segmented bodies segmented limbs Thick chitinous cuticle ( exoskeleton) six pairs of appendages no antennaetwo large compound eyes five simple eyes 2 simple eyes on the underside

have two body segments, eight legs, and no antennae or wings do not go through metamorphosis but hatch from eggs as miniature adults

body is usually divided into three sections Head, abdomen, Thorax three pairs of legs Greek for six legs six legs in total Jointed legsExternal Skeleton

Segmented body with a hard exterior jointed limbs, each with two branches two pairs of antenna gills seven or more pairs of appendages Are able to reproduce and carry the young two compound eyes Three pairs of mouthparts

Has many pairs of legsusually two body sections head and a trunk one pair of antennae on the headssimple eyes Mandible maxillae respiratory exchange through a tracheal system Back legs are very long

Typically have a star like appearance and are spherical or elongated they fall under marine animalsthey are spiny skinned they are triploblastichave a coelomic cavity their skeleton is typically made up of calcium carbonate have radial symmetry generally reproduce by external fertilization regeneration is typically common amongst them

Animals with a flexible rod supporting their dorsal or back sides dorsally situated central nervous system gill slits notochord dorsal hollow tubular nerve chord post anal tail

They are filter feeders that burrow in the substrate of coastal waters and use their pharyngeal gill slits for filter feeding. Many biologists believe the ancestors of vertebrates resembled these animals

They are filter feeders that burrow in the substrate of coastal waters and use their pharyngeal gill slits for filter feeding. Many biologists believe the ancestors of vertebrates resembled these animals

presence of a spinal column or backboneThe anterior part of the dorsal hollow nerve cord is enlarged into a brainThe body is normally divided into three regions: head, neck, and trunk.presence of a tailA jointed internal skeletonTwo pairs of appendagesclosed circulatory systemRed blood cells that contain hemoglobinTwo to four chambered heartLungs and gills are the respiratory structuretwo layered skin

classescartilage skeleton: flexible skeleton made entirely by cartilage.Jaws and paired limbs: hinged jaws , paired finselectrosensor: are able to detect weak electrical fieldsLateral line: row of sensory organs that help to detect very small changes in water pressure

bony skeleton (the fish have stiff strong bone that are reinforced with calcium) swim bladder which helps the fish to move up and down in wateroperculum: protective flap that protects the chamber housing the gillsscalestwo chambered heart

classLarvae heart 2 chambered,Adult heart 3 chamberedmoist skin (obsorbs oxygen which aids in resporation)double life: the transition between living in water and on land

Internal fertilizationScales3 chambered heartAmniotic egg (produce independent)Clawed toeswater tight skin

FeathersHollow bones with air sacsGizzardEndothermic (being able to control body temperature)Amniotic egg4 chambered heartForelimbs are wings

Presence of hair4 chambered heartMammary glands on females (lactation)3 middle ear bonesViviparous (giving birth)Endothermic (regulating your own body temperature)

keep eggs inside longer to provide nutrients to the eggegg leyers

immature young

Young are born completely nourishedyoung nourished by placentaBecause offspring unlike marsupials are mature and can fend for themselves.

single celled, no membrane bound organelles, less complex, smaller

Place this Phyla in the correct Kingdom and in the correct location