Macromolecules

Lipids

Triglycerides

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes

They come in both saturated and unsaturated lipids, they're non-polar, and their structure is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.

Energy storage

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Gives us quick energy, helps with energy storage, and contributes to the structure of living things

Sugars (such as lactose and glucose), starches, cellulose, and glycogen

They have a CHO ratio: for every carbon and oxygen, there are two hydrogens.

Proteins

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Builds body structure, makes up enzymes, and assists with hormones (insulin) and movement (muscles)

Twist into three dimensional shapes and covalent bonds link amino acids together

Hemoglobin, insulin, lactase, maltase

Nucleic Acids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

Nucleotides

DNA and RNA

Made up of nucleotide chain(s) in helix form

Stores information, passed down through genes