ACTION RESEARCH

Is participatory and democratic.

Helps researcher examines the everyday and policy making

Enhances learning and policy making

Real situations rather than experimental studies due to the fact that it focuses on solving real problems.

Situations that imply flexibility, participants' involvement and immediate changes.

Change

Concern

Commitment

Collaboration

Consideration

This focuses on knowledge and theory as two sharpy separated domains. It means real objects exist independently of knowledge, and knowledge occurs by itself.

This verifies the union of knowledge and reality based on experimental practice

This views on production of knowledge related to specific historical and social contexts. It follows that reality changes constantly, then knowledge is an understanding of these changes

This views on production of knowledge related to specific historical and social contexts. It follows that reality changes constantly, then knowledge is an understanding of these changes

This begins with the postulation of a hypothesis which has to be tested rigorously. There can be more than one interpretation of the reality, but all variables have to be controlled.

This maintains that man produces knowledge by the direct and neutral observation of reality.

Is a "form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices