Common Ancestor: DNA is present as genetic storage

Bacteria: ester bonds, peptidoglycan in cell walls, no membrane bound nucleus or organelles, no histones

Archaea: ether bonds, no membrane bound nucleus or organelles

Eukarya: ester bonds, presence of membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Archaeplastida: Primary Plastids in photosynthetic species, no feeding groove, no tripartite flagellar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane, no filose pseudopodia or pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, and no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

autotrophic ancestor produces pollen, has seeds, wooded, heterospory, contains ovules

angiosperms: produce flowers and fruit, presence of endosperm, presence of ovaries

gymnosperms: no flowers or fruit production, no endosperm, no ovaries

autotrophic ancestor with sporic life cycle, presence of embryo and desiccation resistant spores, tissue growth on apical meristems only, presence of gametangia and sporangia

common ancestor: presence of lignin, xylem/phloem circulation of waters and sugars, dominant sporophyte generation, presence of stomata and thick waxy cuticle

Lycophytes: lycophylls aka microphylls leaves (one single unbranched leaf vein)

Monilophytes: megaphylls leaves (multiple veins)

common ancestor: no lignin present, diffusion/osmosis circulation of waters and sugars, dominant gametophyte generation, no thick waxy cuticle, no stomata

Liverworts: can be foliose or thallus, lobate structures

Hornworts: thallus, narrow pipe-like structures

Mosses: foliose

autotroph with zygotic life cycle, no presence of embryo or desiccation-resistant spores, tissue growth throughout body, no gametangia or sporangia

Common Ancestor: no lignin, diffusion/osmosis circulation of waters and sugars, no true leaves, dominant gametophyte generation, no thick waxy cuticle, no stomata

SAR Clade

Secondary Plastids in photosynthetic species (also no filose pseudopodia or pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells)

Stramenopila: no feeding groove, presence of tripartite flagellar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane

Alveolata: no feeding groove, no tripartite flagellar hair, presence of membranous vesicles on cell wall, possible to have tertiary plastids as well

No plastids, filose pseudopodia, uses pseudopodia for motility (no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells)

Rhizaria: no feeding groove, no tripartite flagelar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane

Excavata

Common Ancestor: presence of feeding groove, no tripartite flagellar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane, Secondary Plastids in photosynthetic species (also no filose pseudopodia or pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells)

Unikonta

Amoebozoa: no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells, no plastids (also no feeding groove, no tripartite flagelar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane), pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, uses pseudopodia for motility

Opisthokonta: single posterior flagellum on swimming cells, no plastids (also no feeding groove, no tripartite flagelar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane)

Common Ancestor: multicellular, absorptive heterotroph

Fungi: presence of cell wall, lack of mobility and complex organ systems, zygotic life cycle

Animalia (Metazoa): lack of cell wall, mobile, presence of complex organ systems, gametic life cycle

Eumetazoa

Bilateria: Bilateral Symmetry

Protostomia: tissues present in three
embryonic tissue layers (triploblasty), spiral and indeterminate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into mouth, no trochophore larvae or lophophore

Ecdysozoa: tissues present in two
embryonic tissue layers (diploblasty), spiral and
determinate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into mouth, no trochophore larvae or lophophore, only group with ecdysis

Arthropoda: spiracles and
tracheal system, book lungs, gills, cephalization

Hexapoda: aka Insecta; presence of a consolidated thorax with three pairs of legs (six legs)

Crustacea: presence of a hard exoskeleton made of calcium, two compound eyes, two pairs of antennae, a pair of green glands excrete wastes near the base of antennae, and the abdominal segments have swimmerets (swimming legs)

Chelicerata: presence of two main body segments, four pairs of legs, have pedipalps (i.e. pinchers or secondary legs), lack antennae, majority of them are terrestrial

Nematoda: no cephalization

Lophotrochozoa: tissues present in three
embryonic tissue layers (triploblasty), spiral and
determinate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into mouth, presence of trochophore larvae or lophophore

Mollusca: presence of gills, Cephalization

Gastropoda: have a muscular foot which is used for "creeping" locomotion sometimes modified for swimming or burrowing; most have 1-2 tentacles and a well developed head with eyes

Bivalva: have two shells called valves which act like protective armor

Cephalopoda: the foot has developed into a set of arms or tentacles; ability to squirt ink when threatened; symmetrical

Platyhelminthes: no cephalization

Rhabditophora: presence of specialized, rod-like secretory granules on their body surface (rhabdites) responsible for the production of a layer of viscous slime

Trematoda: flattened oval or worm-like animals, usually no more than a few centimeters in length; presence of two suckers, one close to the mouth, and the other on the underside

Cestoda: type of parasitic worm that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts; characterized by a long, flat body (ribbon-like) that can grow to over 20 meters in length

Annelida: Cephalization

Deuterostomia: tissues present in three
embryonic tissue layers (triploblasty), radial and
indeterminate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into anus, no trochophore larvae or lophophore

Echinodermata: presence of water vascular system, no cephalization

Asteroidea

Ophiuroidea: "brittle stars"; five part symmetry and an internal calcium carbonate skeleton in the mineral form of calcite

Echinoidea: have a globoid shape without any arms are features the sea urchins share with the sea cucumbers; have fivefold symmetry and move around on a large number of hydraulically powered tube feet

Holothuroidea: lack arms, bilateral symmetry, body wall soft rather than calcareous, sedimentary feeders, body surrounded by tube feet

Chordata

Urochordata: possess a notochord, a hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail; body has more than two cell layers and includes tissues and organs, has a U shaped gut, and body has no coelomic body cavity, no cranium, no vertebral column, no cartilage or bony skeleton, no jaws, no limbs, no lungs or lung derivatives, no heart chambers, no internal temperature maintenance, no amniotic egg, no hair, and no milk production; single circulation

tunicates

Cephalochordata: segmented marine animals that possess elongated bodies with a notochord that extends the length of the body, extending from head to tail, persisting throughout the animal's life; possesses a hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail; body has more than two cell layers and includes tissues and organs, has a U shaped gut, and body has no coelomic body cavity, no cranium, no vertebral column, no cartilage or bony skeleton, no jaws, no limbs, no lungs or lung derivatives, no heart chambers, no internal temperature maintenance, no amniotic egg, no hair, and no milk production; single circulation

Vertebra: possess a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail; vertebrates are further differentiated from chordates by their vertebral column, which forms when their notochord develops into the column of bony vertebrae separated by discs

Agnathans aka Cyclostomes: possess a cranium; no jaws, no limbs, no lungs or lung derivatives, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk production; cartilage skeleton, 2-chambered heart, ectothermic, single circulation

Chondrichthyes: possess a cranium and jaws; cartilage skeleton, no lungs or lung derivatives, no limbs, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; single circulation

Osteichthyes (bony fish)

Actinopterygii: ray-finned fishes which possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, no limbs, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; single circulation

Sarcopterygii: lobe-finned fishes which possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, no limbs, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; single circulation

Amphibia: possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, limbs, 3 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; double circulation

Reptilia: possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, limbs, 3 or 4 chambered heart, ectothermic (non-bird reptiles) endothermic (birds), amniotic egg, no hair or milk; double circulation

Mammalia: possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, limbs, 4 chambered heart, endothermic, amniotic egg, hair and milk; double circulation

Radiata: radial symmetry

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Anthozoa: have dominant polyp i.e. sea anemones and coral

Hydrozoa: alternate between polyp and medusa i.e. Portuguese Man O War

Scyphozoa: have dominant medusa

Parazoa: Asymmetry

Porifera (Sponges): no tissues, no trochophore larvae or
lophophore, no cephalization