Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Size of cell

10-100mm in diameter

Nucleus

Has distinct nucleus

Covered by nuclear envelope

Gene expression

Transcription

carried out by 3 types of RNA polymerases

needs DNA sequence called the promoter to start

transcription factors needed to initiate process

undergoes RNA processing

takes out the introns and keeps exons

spliceosome catalyzes the reaction

Flagella

Complex

Bending movement

ATP driven

consist of multiple microtubules

DNA

Located in the nucleus

Linear

Complexed with "histones"

Organized into chromosomes

contains a number of chromosomes

Ribosomes

larger size

composed of 5 kinds of rRNA

80 kinds of protein

Cell division

Mitosis

Use special enzyme called telomerase

replicated chromosomes positioned in middle of cytoplasm then segregated

each daughter cell receives copy of original DNA

movements directed by microtubules

Size of cell

0.2-2.0 mm in diameter

Nucleus

No true nucleus

No membrane bound organelles

Gene expression

Transcription

Carried out by a single RNA polymerase

needs a DNA sequence called pribnow box to start

sigma factors are needed to start

doesn't have RNA processing

Flagella

not complex

Rotary movement

Proton driven

consist of 2 protein building blocks

DNA

Located in the cytoplasm

no cytoskeleton

no cytoplasmic streaming

Circular and has no ends

"naked" and has no histones

not formed into chromosomes

only one circular DNA molecule

Plasmids

Ribosomes

smaller size

composed of 3 kinds of rRNA

50 kinds of protein

Cell division

Binary fission

2 cells with identical genetic composition

chromosome is duplicated before division