ROMANTIC FICTION

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The diversity of the languages of the emigrants led to the publication of Webster's American Dictionary of the English Languages in 1828

It was in Prose that truly American Characteristics emerged

American Independence

-The short story became a distinctive form suitable for wide circulation in cheap magazines and providing ideal entertainment for the reader -The novel ead becoming the ideal frame for fantastic stories,legends and myths

The leading short story writer was Edgar Allan Poe while Cooper was the novelist who created the first 'epic' of the frontier

an important step in the development of a spirit of National Unity and Increased the need for an american culture and literature that could reflect their identity

HISTORICAL NOVEL

Sir Walter Scott

The italian writer Alessandro Manzoni whose long narrative The Betrothed was published in 1827

Both of them mixed historical truths and fictions but their linguistic means are different

removed any regional inflectuons from the language employed in the definitve edition of The Betrothed because he aimed at creating a national consciousness

Use a lot of Scottish dialect since he wanted to celebrate the glorious past of his country and its independence from England

.Took the past of Scotland as his main subject and mixed it with imaginative adventures -Mixed highly figurative language with dialect to portray real and living characters -introduced new concept of history -interested in the moments when an important historical crisis caused personal problems in individuals or in group

Waverler(1814) and Ivanhoe(1819) described those conflicts

was to get people realise that History was not just a list of political and religious events but the product of Human decisions

a passion for this novel among readers and writers

It reflects the romantic interest in the past (Middle Age)

Jane Austen

were based on the premise that there is a vital relationship between manners,social behaviour and character

19TH CENTURY

The rise of the Novel Of Manners

-Marriage and complications of love and friendship -Passions and emotions are not expressed directly but thinly and obliquely

-Third person narrator -Dialogue plays a central role, especially as a vehicle for irony -usually set in the upper and middle levels of society -ecplore personal relationships, class distinctions -influence of money and property on the way people treat each other

How these classes behaved in everyday situations and desbribes their codes of conduct

SOCIAL HIERARCHY CHANGING

Wealth and Influence were passing from Aristocracy to the Middle Classes

-deeper psychological insight -more detailed description of the relationships between the social classes -character's self-realisation and inner maturity -development of dialague as a tool of bringing the characters to life

ROMANTIC FICTION

END OF 18TH CENTURY

NOVEL MOST POPULAR FORM OF FICTION

new interest in the individual

especially the conflict between his personal desires and ambitions