MGT162

Defination

Forces that moves individuals to take action

Explains why people act they do.

Early view of motivation

Traditional model

FREDERICK W.TAYLOR&
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

* people were motivated by money

Human relations model

ALTON MAYO &
THE HAWTHORN STUDIES

*people want to feel useful
and important

Human recourses model

Douglas McGregor's theory X and Y

*Workers can contribute the best of their ability
and by encouraging full participation by employees when
an environment are created.

Maslow's hierarchy
of needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

Water

Food

Air

Shelter

SECURITY

Safe physical

Emotional environment

AFFILIATTION

Friendship

Love

A feeling of belonging

ESTEEM NEEDS

Feelings of achievement
and self worth through
recognition,respect and
pretige from others.
an

SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS

Self-fullfillment

achievement

Herzberg two-factor model

motivator

job statisfaction

workers statisfied with their works

Hygiene

job distatisfaction

company policy( rules and regulartion) makes
workers feels uncomfortable.

Acquired needs model

Focused on need for :

Achievement

Affiliation

Power

Learn from the life experiences
in the culture or country in which
we live.

Theory X and Y

Theory X

Expired by external

motivated by money and promotions

Dislike work

Theory Y

Enjoy work

motivated by appreciation,encouragement

allow employees to participate in decision making.

MASLOW'S HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS
O

HERZBERG TWO-FACTOR
MODEL

THE ACQUIRED-NEEDS MODEL

THEORY X AND Y (DOUGLAS MC'GREGOR)

EXPENTENCY THEORY

Motivation to expend effort to do something
is determined by

effort will lead performance

rewards are attached performance

outcomes/rewards are
value to the individuals.

EXPENTENCY

INSTUMENTALITY

VALENCE

EQUITY THEORY

Focused on an individuals about how fairly
he or she is treated in comparison with others.

REINFORCEMENT THEORY

Based on the idea that people learn
to repeat behavior that positively rewarded.

Avoid behavior that are punished.

INCREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR

Positive desired behavior

Negative desired behavior

DECREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR

extinction

punishment

GOAL-SETTING THEORY

A process intented to increase
efficiency and effectiveness by specifying
the desired outcomes towards which
individuals,groups,departments and organizations works.

S -specific
M-measurable
A-attainable
R-relevant
T- time-bound