Branches of Geography

Medical geographers study the geographic distribution of disease (including epidemics and pandemics), illness, death and health care.

Geographers in this branch study rural settlement, the distribution of agriculture and the geographic movement and access to agricultural products, and land use in rural areas.

Climate geographers investigate the distribution of long-term weather patterns and activities of the earth's atmosphere

Hazard geographers research extreme events known as hazards or disasters and explore the human interaction and response to these unusual natural or technological events.

the branch of cartography focuses on improving and developing technologies in map-making.

The study of leisure-time activities and their impact on local environments.

Biographers study the geographic distribution of plants and animals on the earth

Population geographers are concerned with the distribution, migration, and growth of population in geographic areas.

Geography of religions studies the geographic distribution of religious groups, their cultures, and built environments.

geographic distribution of military facilities and troops

Political geography investigates all aspects of boundaries, country, state, and nation development, international organizations, diplomacy, internal country subdivisions, voting, and more.

Within coastal and marine geography, there are geographers researching the coastal environments of the planet and how humans, coastal life, and coastal physical features interact.

Geographers researching global change explore the long term changes occurring to the planet earth based on human impacts on the environment.

Transportation geographers research transportation networks (both private and public) and the use of those networks for moving people and goods.

Applied geographers use geographic knowledge, skills, and techniques to solve problems in everyday society.

This branch of geography uses mathematical techniques and models to test hypotheses.

Geomorphologists study the landforms of the planet, from their development to their disappearance through erosion and other processes.

Mountain geographers look at the development of mountain systems and at the humans who live in higher altitudes and their adaptations to these environments.

Cryosphere geography explores the ice of the earth, especially glaciers and ice sheets. Geographers look at the past distribution of ice on the planet and ice-cause features from glaciers and ice sheets.

Geographers studying arid regions examine the deserts and dry surfaces of the planet. They explore how humans, animals, and plants make their home in dry or arid regions and the use of resources in these regions.

Soil geographers study the upper layer of the lithosphere, the soil, of the earth and its categorization and patterns of distribution

Remote sensing utilizes satellites and sensors to examine features on or near the earth's surface from a distance.

Geographers working in the water resources branch of geography look at the distribution and use of water across the planet within the hydrologic cycle and of human-developed systems for water storage, distribution, and use.

Regional geographers focus on areas as large as a continent or as small as an urban area.

GIS is the branch of geography that develops databases of geographic information and systems to display geographic data in a map-like format.

Geographers working in the field of geographic education seek to give teachers the skills, knowledge, and tools they need to help combat geographic illiteracy and to develop future generations of geographers.