カテゴリー 全て - variables - regresión - ajuste - predicciones

によって Rosa Vega 4年前.

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Modelo de Registro Lineal

La bondad de ajuste en un modelo de regresión lineal mide qué tan bien dicho modelo puede representar las variables implicadas. Esto se evalúa mediante la suma de cuadrados de los residuos, que puede oscilar entre 0 y valores mayores.

Modelo de Registro Lineal

Modelo de Registro Lineal

Rivers have always been essential for human life and settlement. A source for drinking, the source of food, and a way to transfer goods from one place to another. They are essential in the environment of rainforest and wetlands.

Análisis de Regresión Lineal

The Yangtze holds the title of Asia’s longest river. The Yangtze has a momentous place in China’s history and culture, providing some of the country’s most fertile land as well as some of its most artistically inspiring scenery.

Where the Mekong river runs, the land is incredibly verdant shaping one of the richest areas of biodiversity on the planet. Thousands of species call its shores and waters home. Long an essential trade route the Mekong passes through, or close to, some of the region’s most important cities, including Vientiane, Phnom Penh and Saigon.

A fin de modelar la distribución conjunta de las variables "estrategias de afrontamiento" y "estrés"

Una vez sean conocidos los valores de B0 y B1 del modelo de regresión lineal simple, este puede ser utilizado como modelo predictivo

Esto para realizar predicciones de los valores de la variable explicativa

Los dos parámetros de la ecuación de regresión lineal simple son conocidos como el origen y la pendiente del modelo

Reciben el nombre de coeficientes de la ecuación de regresión B0 y B1.

Modelo de regresión lineal

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. Its estimated length is 4,350 km.

From the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through China's Yunnan Province, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
The Mekong rises as the Za Qu and soon becomes known as the Lancang (Lantsang) in the 'Three Rivers Source Area' on the Tibetan Plateau in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. It approaches and empties into the sea through the Mekong Delta. Tributaries: Nam Khan, Tha, Nam Ou, Mun, Tonle Sap, Kok, Ruak.

Variable de respuesta

Where is the original point from which Mekong flows? Type in the answer.

(Y)

Variable predictora

(X)

Las puntuaciones de los sujetos en dos variables

Mekong River flows through 6 countries. Type them in.

Es el modelo más utilizado

The Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country (Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai provinces). It rises in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau and flows 6,300 km in a generally easterly direction to the East China Sea.

Tributaries: Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han, Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan, Huangpu.
In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads, and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the river.

Permite considerar más de una variable explicativa cuantitativa
A la hora de predecir los valores de una variable cuantitativa

Yangtze River flows through 9 provinces in China. Type at least 5 of them.

Hace referencia a la relación que existe entre dos o más variables

The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The waters of the Volga are used to irrigate the steppe regions of southern Russia. Because of its importance in the country, the Volga has mythological status in Russia, and many iconic sites are found along its banks

The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe. Travelers can experience many of the river's sights by embarking on a cruise along its waterways. Danube River Cruises, which are offered by Viking Cruises, typically stop in Cologne, Budapest, Nuremberg, Belgrade and Krems. Following the river is a way to experience several Eastern European cities in one trip. Famous monuments, such as the Hungarian Parliament, have been erected on its coast.

A través de un modelo formal que cuenta con una expresión lógico matemática y permite realizar predicciones de los valores que toma una de las dos variables

The Volga is the longest river in Europe with a catchment area of 1,350,000 square km.
Eleven of the twenty largest cities of Russia, including the capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. Rising in the Valdai Hills 225 meters above sea level northwest of Moscow and about 320 km southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea.
Tributaries: Kama, Oka, Vetluga, and Sura. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometers and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers.

La otra variable se asume como

The source of a river, also called headwaters, is the original point from which the river flows. Type in Volga's source.

X

Independiente de criterio

"Variable explicativa"

Una de las variables se asume como

Volga flows through 11 out of the 20 most important cities in Russia. Type in a couple of these cities.

Y

Dependiente de criterio

"Variable de respuesta"

Bondad de Ajuste

There are four major rivers in Africa: the Nile, the Zambezi, the Congo, and the Niger. The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.

The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls. Other notable falls include the Chavuma Falls at the border between Zambia and Angola, and Ngonye Falls, near Sioma in Western Zambia.

La suma de cuadrado de los residuos puede oscilar entre 0
Por lo tanto, peor su bondad como modelo predictivo
Cuanto mayor sea su valor. significará que más erróneas son las predicciones
Si este sumatorio da 0, el modelo de regresión se ajusta perfectamente a los datos
Existen diferentes aproximaciones en la evaluación de la bondad del ajuste de un modelo a la realidad que ese modelo pretende presentar

The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The area of its basin is 1,390,000 square km.

The 2,574-km-long river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.
Major tributaries: Chifumage River, Luena River, Kabompo River, Lungwebungu River, Luanginga River, Gwayi River, Sengwa River, Sanyati River, Kafue River, Luangwa River, Panhane River, Luia River.

La relación entre los dos pares de variables X1-Y1 y X2-Y2, dos diagramas de dispersión

Where is the original point from which Zambezi flows? Type in the answer.

veremos a continuación

La bondad de ajuste de un modelo de regresión se refiere

The Nile, which is about 6,650 km long, covers eleven countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt.

It has two major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile is the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

Así puede ocurrir que la distribución conjunto de 2 variables sea difícil de modelar, debido a la inexistencia de relación entre las variables
Al grado en que este es conveniente como modelo que representa a las variables implicadas en el mismo

The Nile flows through 7 countries and 3 republics from Africa. Type them in.

Ajuste de la Recta de Regresión

North America
In the 18th century, the river was the primary western boundary of the young United States, and since the country's expansion westward, the Mississippi River has been widely considered a convenient dividing line between the Eastern, Southern, Midwestern United States, and the Western United States.

South America

Amazon River, the greatest river of South America and the largest drainage system in the world in terms of the volume of its flow and the area of its basin.

EJEMPLO
¿Cuál sería la recta de regresión que elegiríamos como mejor?
Para los test pares de valores en las variables X, Y representados gráficamente a continuación se han puesto 4 posibles rectas de regresión

La tabla pequeña al lado de la gráfica muestra la diferencia entre el uso de tres métodos a la hora de evaluar la magnitud de los errores en la predicción de un modelo de regresión

Se puede considerar diferentes procedimientos a la hora de hacer operativa la evaluación de cantidad de errores de predicción

Un criterio de ajuste supone considerar la ecuación de regresión que dé lugar a un menor error en las predicciones

Aplica un procedimiento de cálculo

Main tributaries - Marañón, Napo, Japurá/Caquetá, Rio Negro/Guainía, Putumayo, Trombetas, Ucayali, Javary, Juruá, Purús, Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu.

The Amazon and its tributaries flow through the countries of Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean 6, 437 km (4,000 miles) from the Amazon's headwaters high in the Andes mountains of Peru.

la línea recta que represente la distribución conjunta de las variables modeladas

Try to state the length either in miles or in kilometers.

permitiendo obtener los coeficientes de la ecuación vde

The Amazon flows through 6 countries from South America. Type them in.

Supone obtener

Its source is Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico.

The main stem is entirely within the United States. Tributaries - St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River.

The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Los coeficientes que caracterizan al mismo

Mississippi flows through 10 different states, forming the largest delta in North America.

Type in some of these states.

en el caso de un modelo de regresión lineal simple, B0 y B1