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The sum of the reactant
The atoms/ions that will form the product
Balanced double displacement equation (without symbols clarifying solid, liquid, gas, aqueous)
Balanced Single displacement reaction
Carbonates (CO3 2-) decompose to carbon dioxide and a metal oxide
Balanced synthesis reaction
Carbon dioxide
CO
oxygen
O2
Water
H2O
Hydrogen dioxide
mouth wash
https://www.pure-chemical.com/blog/list-of-chemicals-in-daily-life/
Hydrogen peroxide
H ,O ,N ,Cl ,F, Br Diatomic elements
The atoms are held together by covalent bonds which is when the atoms share their valence electrons
Baking soda
Na(HCO3)
Sodium bicarbonate
Chemical in toothpaste
Sodium Fluoride
NaF
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_A_Molecular_Approach_(Tro)/03%3A_Molecules_Compounds_and_Chemical_Equations/3.05%3A_Ionic_Compounds-_Formulas_and_Names
Table salt
Sodium chloride
NaCl
Bond with a metal to form an ionic compound
Groups of atoms that stay together and carry and overall ionic charge
Also known as Radicals
A chemical formula that shows the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms (ions) in an ionic compound.
A representation of the kind and number of atoms in a substance
Each element (now an ion) will have a complete octet after the transfer of electrons.
The electrical force between the ions will be opposite with the metal being positivly charged and the gas being negatively charged
We use the cross-over rule for the valences charges but don’t forget the brackets around the hydroxide
For ammonium Hydroxide
The name for bases starts with a metal and ends with Hydroxide (OH^-1)
Are basic or alkaline Bitter taste Most are solids Slippery and soapy to the touch A good conductor of electricity in solution React with acid to produce salt and water Indicators Red litmus turns blue Blue Litmus paper stay blue Colourless phenolphthlalein turns pink Neutral (green) bromthyol blue turns blue Methyl orange turns yellowish orange Cabbage Juice turns blue-green
Baking Soda Detergent Soap and Bath products
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/20-common-examples-of-bases-in-everyday-life.html
Naming oxyacids
The radical ending "ate" is dropped
The ending "ic acid" is added to the stem
(SO4)^2- to H 2(SO4) Sulfate to sulfuric acid
Contains Hydrogen, Oxygen and one other element
They are formed with polyatomic ions (radical like sulfate) which react with hydrogen
For all acids, the number of hydrogen atoms is equal to the valence or charge on the element or radical it is bonding with
Naming Binary acids
1. Use Hydro as prefix 2. add the main portion of the second element 3. It will end with "ic"
Examples
HCl(aq) -----> Hydrochloric acid
Contains Hydrogen and one other element
Citrus fruits Aspirin Stomach Acid Vinegar
Sour taste React with some metals to produce H2 A good conductor of electricity in solution Reacts with base to produce salt and water React with pH Indicators & change colour Blue litmus paper turns red in an acid Red Litmus paper stay red in an acid Pink phenolphthlalein turns colourless in an acid Neutral (green) bromothymol blue turns yellow in an acid Methyl orange turns red in an acid
Ions that form with two or more atoms
Valence shell is the outer ring of an atom
8 Electrons fit in the outer shell
Octet Rule: Elements tend to acquire 8 (e-) in the outer most shell to become stable
The noble gasses will always have a filled outer ring
Mass Number = # of e- + # of n°
Mass # (-) # of e- = # of n °
Atomic Mass = # of p+ (+) # of e-
# of e- = number of p+ (In atom)
The Atomic Number = # of p+
Group # 2: Alkaline Earth metals
Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium
Group # 18: Noble gasses
Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon Ununoctium
Group # 1: Alkali metals
Hydrogen Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium
Group # 17: Halogens
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine Ununseptium
