market structures
monopoly
a monopoly only has one producer
a monopoly produces a one of a kind good or service that no one else provides
high barrier to enter a monopoly which is what makes monopolies possible
can set prices at whatever they want without fear of being undercut by competetors because there is none
monopolistic competition
has a large portion of producers
seeks to have differnt goods and services than other firms
there are very few barriers to entry and start up costs are low
since producers control thier brands they have some control over brands
Market failures
externality
positive externality
a benefit that falls on someone other than the producer or consumer
negative externality
a cost that falls on someone other than the produser or the consumer
oligopoly
few producers
similar products
barriers of entry are usually very high
since there are few producers there is only some control over prices
perfect competition
has a large number of producers and consumers
products in this market a virtually identical
easy entry since there are few restrictions to enter the market
no control of prices, instead market forces of demand and supply determine these things