Las distintas funciones del lenguaje, entonces, hacen énfasis cada una en los elementos básicos de la comunicación que se han identificado, y que son:
Código
La codificación o el “idioma” que se usa para transmitir ese mensaje, ya sea una lengua hablada, el código morse, etc.
Mensaje
Aquel contenido psíquico que se desea compartir a través del lenguaje, ya sea una orden,
etc.
Canal
Medio físico a través del cual se envía el mensaje
Receptor
Quien recibe y decodifica el mensaje, entendiéndolo. Punto final del proceso.
Funciones del Lenguaje
Se entiende por las funciones del lenguaje a los distintos cometidos con que el ser humano emplea el lenguaje, es decir, los propósitos comunicativos con los que utiliza esa herramienta cognitiva y abstracta.
Funciones del Lenguaje
Dayana Caicedo
Facultad de Administración, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas “ESPE”
Comunicación oral y escrita
Ing. Marcela Rosero
24 de agosto de 2020
The first division between continents was made by ancient Greek navigators, who named them 'landmass, terra firma'.
Generally classified by convention rather than any strict criteria, nowadays seven regions are regarded as continents from a geopolitical point of view.
Fática o de contacto
(Canal)
Antarctica is not only the coldest place on Earth but also the highest, driest, windiest and emptiest, completely covered with ice.
75% of the world's ice and 70% of the Earth's fresh water is located here.
Summer months of December to February give 24 hours of light, while the winter months of late March to late September are pitch dark the whole day.
There are no permanent inhabitants, except for scientists maintaining research stations in Antarctica.
There is plenty of animal life in Antarctica. It is a continent of extreme conditions but a range of well-adapted animals thrive here at various times of the year.
Name at least 5 of these animals.
Ya regresé, cuéntame.
A ver si nos vemos pronto.
¿Me oyes?
Antarctica sees half a year of light and half a year of complete darkness.
Write down which months give 24 hours of light, and which are the ones that give pitch darkness the whole day.
La función fática nos permite comprobar si el canal comunicativo está funcionando.
Esta función ocurre habitualmente cuando las personas están frente a frente o hablan por teléfono.
Es la función del lenguaje predominante cuando el foco del mensaje está puesto en el canal.
The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was recorded here.
Write it down.
Todo tipo de texto.
Write down the temperatures of the Frozen Continent during the summer and the winter.
Sirve apenas para comprobar que el canal de comunicación, en el cual se centra, está activo y podemos iniciar la transmisión del mensaje.
Emotiva o expresiva
(Emisor)
You can find on this continent:
- the world's largest river as per water volume, the Amazon.
- the highest volcanoes of the world -- Mt. Cotopaxi and Mt. Chimborazo.
- the country, Brazil, which is the largest coffee producer in the world.
- the second-highest mountain range in the world, the Andes.
The world's largest snake and the second-longest lives here.
Name this snake as well as other animals that can be found in South America.
Es un paisaje bellísimo.
¡Ay! ¡Qué dolor de cabeza!
¡Qué bonito verte!
Carcacterísticas
The largest forest, which covers 30% of South America's total area, is famous for its biodiversity. It’s crisscrossed by thousands of rivers, including the powerful Amazon.
Name this forest as well as its type.
Utiliza las oraciones exclamativas
Emplea las interjecciones
Emplea aumentativos y diminutivos en las palabras
The world's highest uninterrupted waterfall can be found here.
Write down its name, height and the country in which you can find it.
Expositivo - argumentativo
There are 12 countries that make up South America.
Name as many of you can! Don't forget about their capitals.
Se centra en el emisor ya que pretende comunicar su estado interior (emocional, subjetivo, etc.).
Referencial o informativa
(Referente)
North America has five time zones and it is the only continent with every type of climate.
North America was named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci and is also known as the 'New World'.
The world's largest sugar exporter among the seven continents - Cuba - also called the 'sugar bowl of the world' is located here.
Ejemplo:
The specialty of some animals is they are found only in a particular region and nowhere else in the world. North America is home to many of such amazing animals.
Name at least 6.
La fórmula del Ozono es O3
Unas instrucciones para usar una lavadora.
Los periódicos titularon con los resultados electorales.
Native Americans have lived along this river and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some formed agricultural societies.
Formed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, this river's embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods.
Name this river.
Prevalecen los sustantivos y los verbos
Se relaciona con el referente.
Tiene como principal objetivo el informar.
Tipo de texto
The world's largest freshwater lake by surface area and the third-largest freshwater lake by volume can be found here. It provides a route for the transportation of iron ore, as well as grain and other mined and manufactured materials.
Large cargo vessels called lake freighters, as well as smaller ocean-going freighters, transport these commodities across this lake.
Name this lake.
Narrativo
Descriptivo
There are 23 countries that make up North America.
Name as many of you can! Don't forget about their capitals.
Se centra en el referente y en el contexto ya que es la función que se utiliza para transmitir información objetiva sobre todo lo que nos rodea: los objetos, las personas, los hechos, etc.
Metalingüística
(Código)
Australia is the world's smallest continent and is also known as an 'island continent' as it is surrounded by water on all sides.
It includes 14 countries and it is the least populated continent.
Its name comes from the Latin word 'australis' meaning 'southern' because it lies entirely on the south of the equator.
Australia is home to some animals that can't be found anywhere else in the world.
Name at least 6 of these unique animals.
Una palabra que acaba en –mente es un adverbio.
¿Cómo se dice en inglés “nariz”?
“Antónimo” significa que tiene un significado contrario.
The largest sandstone monolith can be found here and it is one of Australia's most recognizable natural icons. It is the largest monolith in the world.
Name this rock and write down one of the characteristics it is famous for.
Se encarga de aclarar, corregir y explicar el funcionamiento de los elementos que conforman un lenguaje determinado.
Se da de manera oral o escrita.
Se centra y enfoca en el código de la comunicación.
The largest coral reef can be found here.
Name this coral reef, add its length and mention what type of coral is it.
Expositivo
Out of 14, how many countries you can name?
How about these countries' capitals?
Se produce cuando el mensaje se refiere al código que estamos usando. Cuando aprendemos un idioma o pedimos que nos expliquen una regla gramatical
Poética o estética
(Forma del mensaje)
Asia is the world's largest continent of the seven continents in size, as it covers one-third of the earth's surface.
It includes 50 countries, and it is the most populated continent, 60% of the total population of the Earth lives here.
The only man-made structure that can be seen from space is located here.
Name this construction and add other facts about it.
Ayer pasé por tu casa
Y me tiraste un ladrillo
A ver si me tiras otro
Y me construyo un castillo
Más vale pájaro en mano que cien volando.
Tres tristes tigres comían trigo en un trigal
Uso de las figuras literarias para dar una mayor riqueza verbal a los textos y expresiones.
La función poética del lenguaje se usa para enriquecer la expresión de una idea.
Los poemas, los textos dramáticos, las canciones, los refranes e incluso las adivinanzas son algunos de los textos en los que se usa de forma específica la función poética.
Asia houses the highest point on earth.
Name this summit and write down how tall it is.
Cualquier tipo de texto con intención poética
Name as many as you can out of the 48 countries located in Asia.
Write down the capitals too.
Se centra en el mensaje ya que utiliza el lenguaje con fines contemplativos, reflexivos o estéticos.
Apelativa o
conativa
(Receptor)
Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural mountains and the Caspian Sea.
It is surrounded by water on three sides: Mediterranean Sea in the south, Atlantic Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north.
Three-fourth of the world's potatoes grow in Europe.
Ejemplos
Europe has many exceptional animals, birds, and reptiles with unique methods of staying and hunting.
Name at least 4 of them.
Mezclen cuidadosamente los ingredientes.
Ponte el abrigo.
Por favor, espere un momento.
Características
Europe is a large region, with several major rivers that connect its many countries. There are five primary rivers in Europe, and one of them flows through 10 countries, more than any other river in the world.
Name these rivers.
Es la función que predomina en el lenguaje publicitario, ya que este pretende siempre “obligar” al receptor a actuar.
Se centra en el receptor, pues busca producir en él una reacción deseada.
Tipos de texto
Europe is one of the smallest continents, yet it is home to some of the largest mountain ranges.
About 20% of the total landmass of the continent is considered mountainous.
Name the 5 longest mountain ranges in Europe.
Conversacional
Argumentativo
Definición
The most beautiful cities in the world can be found in Europe. History, architecture, arts, and famous cuisine is representative almost to each country.
Out of 51 countries how many you can name?
And how many capitals?
Se centra en el receptor ya que busca transmitirle una instrucción, un pedido o algo que espera por como respuesta.
