Kategóriák: Minden - quran - reality - intellectual - theology

a Nurul Farhana 8 éve

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Concept of Knowledge

Islamic scholars have extensively discussed the concept of knowledge, categorizing it into various types and purposes. Imam Al Ghazali distinguished between theoretical, practical, presential, and acquired knowledge, placing significant emphasis on both religious and intellectual aspects.

Concept of Knowledge

Concept of Knowledge (Nurul Farhana Anas 1510362 section 8)

Adab and knowledge acquisition

beautify inner-self with virtue
learning what most important
ignore different opinions among people
humble toward teachers
minimize affairs of the world
purify soul from impure traits

One of the Beautiful/Names/Divines/attributes of God

knowledge lead to proper recognition of Allah

knowledge is light

gives benefits
bring justice
lead to proper place

knowledge is certainty

confront to reality and truth

knowledge is soul

qalb
aqal
when a soul in state of hidayah/to thinking
nafs
body fulfilling nafs
ruh
without body

Islam is religion based on upon knowledge

Sources of knowledge

sunnah
Types of Sunnah

acts based on human experience

normal physical acts of every human being

specific sunnah of the Prophet

Sunnah of binding law

the acts, saying and approval of Messenger of Allah
clear path, pattern of life
Pure speech from Allah - no corruption - guidance and mercy proof of prophethood - light
book revealed from Allah to His Last Messenger and transmitted to us through an authentic continuous narration

Knowledge in Islam

Causes of leading to the crisis
Three group make corruption to knowledge

tahrif al ghalin (distorted interpretation of the extremists)

intihal al mubtilin (plagiarism)

most serious crime in education, religion

ta'wil al jahilin

external

confrintation with western culture and civilization

internal

Adab is invited to a plentiful and marvellous thing

Adab refer to 1) recognition and knowledge of the right and proper place, station,and condition in life 2) to self discipline in possible and willing participation in enacting one's role with that recognition and acknowledgement

loss of adab

knowledge is inside
knowledge is neutral
sometimes Quran refers to soul as ruh,nafs,aqal,qalb
outside in our mind is not knowledge, it is information,data,things(object of knowledge
within in our soul
it can be true or false
Crisis of knowledge
economics
spiritual
political
ignorance

in reality it is not knowledge

corruption of knowledge

Knowledge is certainty
it is obligatory for every one
Intention is very important
we have to renew our intention
Recitation of basmallah
according to Imam Syafie: Wajib recite Basmallah

By Muslim Scholars

Ibnu Khaldun
Transmitted Knowledge

Linguistic sciences (grammar, literature)

Sufism

Theology (dialectics)

Jurispudence

Al Hadith

Al Quran

Intellectual Knowledge

sciences dealing with quantity

astronomy

music

geometry

sciences of being beyond nature/metaphysics

alchemy

magic & talismans

natural science/physics

medicine

Logic

Imam Al Ghazali
Theoretical (known the states of being as they are Practical (deal with human to find out) Presential (direct from Allah) Acquired (indirect, with effort) Religious (more specific than transmitted knowledge) Intellectual (attained by human intellect alone) Fard'ayn (obligatory every muslim) Fard kifayah (obligatory for Muslim community as a whole)

Definition

There are two types of ignorant:
Compund Ignorant

when a person think he may know but actually he doesn't know

Simple Ignorant

when a person does not know

Realization of something in its true nature
a firm belief that accords with the reality of things
The arrival of the ma'ma(meaning of an object in the soul and its arrival of the meaning(Al Attas)
Technically: realization of the meanings of thing(according to imam al Ghazali)
Literally: from word 'ilm : al-ma'rifah,al-fiqh,tadabbur,basiran,tadhakkur,tafakkur.

Purpose of seeking knowledge in Islam

to get Allah's pleasure
to distinguish between right and wrong
to achieve the happiness of both worlds
to practice with it

Opposite of knowledge

baseless speculation (nazar)
Mira' blameworthy lead to debate

together with negligence, forgetfulness, sleep and death

extension of subjective desire, lead to debate
conjecture
doubt
jahlul(ignorance)

Other than God is Alam

'alam: ayatullah. "we given two books'
Books of relevation (Quran: the hidden books)

Quran invite man to ponder, think and learn

knowledge is arrival of meaning

want to know meaning of quran

discover meaning of hidden signs

Books of nature