SCH3U0 Final Summative Task - Design a Concept Map

origins and effects of water pollution

Periodic Trends

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Single displacement

One element that starts out by itself replaces another element in a compound, kicking it out. The formula for a single displacement reaction is A + BC ----> B + AC

An example of a single displacement reaction which we use in our everyday life occurs when potassium (K) reacts with water (H2O). A solid compound named potassium hydroxide (KOH) forms, and hydrogen gas (H2) is set free. Potassium hydroxide is a type of lye specifically used to make liquid soap. The equation for the reaction is: 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H.

Double displacement

The positive and negative ions in two compounds switch places. The Positive ions go with negative ions and the negative ions go with positive ions. The formula for a double displacement reaction is AB + CD ----> AD + BC.

When Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) reacts with Hydrochloric acid(HCL) it creates a double displacement reaction as it becomes NaCl + H2O. This reaction creates salt which is used in our everyday life.

Combustion

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen(and sometimes oxygen) combines with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water. The formula for a Combustion reaction is CxHy(Oz) + O2-----> CO2 + H2O.

Burning wood is an example of a combustion reaction which has a impact on the environment. People burn wood on different occasions such as when you go camping, people burn wood to set a campfire which provides light and warmth. However burning wood leads to co2 getting released into the atmosphere which is bad as it leads to climate change.

Synthesis

A compound is made from simpler materials. The formula for a synthesis reaction is A + B ----> AB.

Table salt is an example of a synthesis reaction which we use in our everyday life as Salt increases the food flavor in food and is also a useful component in food preparation. Salt's formula is Na+ Cl ----> NACl.

Decomposition

A compound is broken down into simpler compounds, or all the way down to the elements that make it up. The formula for a Decomposition reaction is AB ----> A + B.

Digestion of food in our body or animals body's are an example of a Decomposition reaction which we do in our everyday life. After we eat the food, it digests and In the process of digestion of food carbohydrates, proteins, fats break down into simple substances which provide us energy to do work.

The environmental impact is when animals such as cattle create methane gas which gets released into the atmosphere, which is harmful to the environment

Gasses Laws

Boyle's Law

the connection between pressure and volume at a fixed temperature

That a volume of a gas is corresponding to the the pressure being applied at a fixed temperture

The formula for Boyle's law is P1V1=P2V2
P1 stands for pressure 1, V1 stands for volume 1, P2 stands for pressure 2, and V2 stands for volume 2

Gay-Lussac's Law

The connection between pressure and temperature of a gas

That the pressure of a gas is corresponding to the temperature of a gas when mass and volume are constant

The formula for Gay-Lussac's law is P1/T1 = P2/T2
P1 stands for pressure 1, T1 stands for temperature 1, P2 stands for pressure 2, and T2 stands for Temperature 2

Charles Law

The connection between the volume and temperature of a gas

That the volume of a gas at constant pressure is corresponding to the temperature of a gas

The formula for Charles Law is V1/T1 = V2/T2
V1 stands for volume 1, T1 stands for Temperature 1, V2 stands for volume 2, and T2 stands for Temperature 2

Combined Gas law

The combination between Boyle's law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and Charles law.

The connection between pressure, temperature, and volume

As pressure increases temperature also increases but volume decreases vice-versa

The formula for combined gas law is P1V1/T1 = P2/V2/T2 P1 stands for pressure 1, V1 stands for volume 1, P2 stands for pressure 2, and V2 stands for volume 2 T1 stands for temperature 1, and T2 stands for temperature 2

Dalton Law

That the total amount of pressure applied by a mixture of gasses is the same as the sum of the partial pressures of the gasses in the mixture

The formula for Dalton's Law is Ptot= Pa+Pb+Pc
Pa, Pb ,Pc are the partial pressures

Ideal Gas Law

Is

The relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume with the given mass

The formula for ideal gas law is PV=nRT
P stands for pressure, V stands for volume, n stands for number of moles, R is the constant which is 8.31, and T stands for temperature

KMT

Kinetic molecular theory tells us that gas particles are always moving and create perfectly elastic collisions

gas particles are cooled, they cause less collisions since they move slower

gas particles are heated, they cause more collisions since they move faster

Air Quality

In Toronto

Currently the air quality level in Toronto is at a high risk towards the health of the population in Toronto

Of the wildfire's in Quebec. The bad air quality due to the wildfires are getting spread to Toronto and many other countries

Canada's government has created air quality standards and has been funding in cleaner technology so the air quality can improve and remove the risk towards the health of the people

On the world

gets impacted from power plants, power generation, wildfires, fuel emissions, and ozone emissions

Avogadro's Law

If the volume of a gasses are equal then the number of molecules are also equal

Scientists develop the knowledge based on the stoichiometry of reactions with gases as know they can calculate the amount of moles easily by checking the volume of the gas

the diatomic theory

that gasses such as Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine Nitrogen, and Chlorine have two atoms instead of one

Components of Earth's Atmosphere

Major Components

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, and Carbon Dioxide

Minor Components

Neon, Methane, Helium, Krypton, Hydrogen,
Nitrous Oxide, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, Nitrogen
Dioxide, Iodine, Ammonia, Xenon