Universal Common Ancestor

Eukaryotic (Urus americanus)
-DNA as genetic storage
-presence of membrane-bound organelles

Unikonta

Opsthokonts
-single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

Animals - American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
-mobility
-complex organ systems
-gametic life cycle
-absorptive heterotrophy
-multicellularity

Eumetazoa
-tissues

Bilateria

Ecdysozoa
-blastopore becomes the mouth
-spiral cleavage
-triploblasty
-ecdysis

Arthropoda

Nematoda

Lophotrochozoa
-blastopore becomes the mouth
-spiral cleavage
-triploblasty
-lophophore and/or trocophore larvae

Mullusca

Annelida

Platyhelminthes

Deuterostomia
-blastopore becomes the anus
-radial cleavage
-triploblasty
-indeterminate cleavageW

-water vascular system

Echinodermata
-water vascular systemw

Subtopic

Protostomia

Cnidaria
-diploblasty
-radial symmetry

Porifera
-no symmetry
-diploblasty

Fungi - Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)
-cell wall
-zygotic life cycle
-absorptive heterotrophy
-multicellularity

Amebozoa
-movement with pseudopodia

Archeaplastida
-primary plastids

Monilophytes - Eastern Marsh Fern
-sporic life cycle
-desiccation resistant spores
-embryo-apical meristems
-gametangia
-sporangia
-lignin
-xylem and phloem
-leaves
-dominant sporophyte generation
-thick waxy cuticle
-stomata

Gymnosperms
-seed
-endosperm

Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Angiosperms Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
-fruit
-ovaries
-flowers
-pollen
-wood
-ovaries
-ovules
-heterospory

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Lycophytes - Fan clubmoss
-sporic life cycle
-desiccation resistant spores
-embryo-apical meristems
-gametangia
-sporangia
-lignin
-xylem and phloem
-leaves
-megaphylls
-dominant sporophyte generation
-thick waxy cuticle
-stomata

Hornworts -Field hornwort
-sporic life cycle
-desiccation resistant spores
-embryo-apical meristems
-gametangia
-sporangia
-lignin
-xylem and phloem
-dominant sporophyte generation
-thick waxy cuticle
-stomata

Mosses - Woolly Feather Moss
-sporic life cycle
-desiccation resistant spores
-embryo
-apical meristems
-gametangia
-sporangia
-lignin
-xylem and phloem
-dominant sporophyte generation
-thick waxy cuticle
-stomata

Liverworts - Common Liverwort
-sporic life cycle
-desiccation resistant spores
-embryo
-apical meristems
-gametangia
-sporangia
-lignin
-xylem and phloem
-dominant sporophyte generation
-thick waxy cuticle
-stomata

Charophytes - Braun's stonewort
-Zygotic life cycle

SAR Clade

Rhizaria
-filose pseudopodia

Stramenopila
-tripartite flagellar hair
-secondary plastids

Alveolates
-membranous vesicles on cell membrane
-secondary plastids

Archea (Eschericia coli)
-presence of histones
-presence of membrane-bound nucleus
-ether bonds in cell membrane