Fluids.

Controlling Fluids

Fluid mechanics: the study of fluids and and how they behave at rest and at moving.

Fluid mechanics are divided into two different areas, Areodynamics, Hydrodynamics.

Areodynamics: A part of fluid mechanics concerned with how cases move.An example of adepdynamics would be a wind turbine concidering that the windtirbind Moves with the air.

Hydrodynamics: A part of fluid mechanics concerned with how liquids move.An example of hydrodyanamics would be and flowing stream since the water is Moving.

Fluid dynamics are used in many different ways:
- Desinging Aircraft.
- improving food products.
-building dams
-controlling blood flow.

Eddy: An area of slower moving fluid that occurs behind an obstacle.

video of areodynamics and hydrondynamics.

Density

Density: A measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance.An example of density would be. if you are testing to see what cup would float, a styrofoam cup of a glass cup. since the styrofoam cup is less dense then the glass cup. it wiuld result jn the styrofoam cup floating and the glass cup sinking.

Characteristic property: A property that makes a paticular substance distinct. an example of this would be the difference between hot and cold. and dense and not dense.

vidoe on density.

video on characterisic properties.

website for density.

Weight, Mass, Volume.

Weight: The force of gravity acting on an obgect.

Mass: the amount of matter that makes up an object or a substance.an example of mass would be a keyboard, the keys you are pressing has mass.

Volume:The amount of space an object or substance takes up. an example of volume would be a shoe box, if you put together two shoe boxes those two boxes would take up more space then a single box would.

Displace: to take the place of. an example of displace would be

website for mass weight volume.

putting the squueze on fluids/effects of external pressure on fluids.

To pack closely togther, squeeze.

compressability: the ability to be squezzed into a smaller volume.an example would be water transfering into a smaller container.

Pressure: the force per unit area.

Atospheric pressure: The force the atmosphere exeerts on a unit of surface.

video on compressability.

Types of flows

Stream line: A smooth shape designed to decrease resistance to fluid flow.

Partical Therory of matter: A theory that explains what matter is made of and how it behaves.

Fluids can flow in two different ways:
-Laminar Flow.
-Turbulent flow.

Lamnier flow is smooth and regular. For example, the water flowing from the faucet moves along quickly with less energy.

Turbulent flow is choppy and irregular. for example if lava was to erupt from a volcano the lava trail would be a turbulent flow spreading around objects such as trees, houses, cars.

laminar flow: A smooth pattern of flow.

Turbulent FLow: An irregular, mixing Flow pattern.

video on particle therory of matter.

website for lamnier flow.

density and buyancy in action.

Ballast tanks: conpartments in a ship or sibmarine that takes in water to keep the ship stable or help a submarine dive below the surface.

Buoyancy: The upward supportive force on an object in a fluid.An example of buoyancy would be, any object being out into water being able to float. this can include. Boats, waterskis, pool floats, lifejackets. etc.

Video on pressure.

Swim bladder: A controllable, balloon- like chamber that allows fish to alter their buoyancy.

Flow Rates

Flow Rate. A measure of how quickly fluids move;measured in a volume per unit time.( For example, L/s)

Viscosity: A measure of how easily a fluid's particles are able to slide past one another.

Fluids: mayerials that have no fixed shape and are free to flow, such as liquids and gases.

An example of viscosity would be, imagine you spill water on your counter. the water would flow rather quickly. on the other hand if you were to spill chocolate syrup on the counter it would flow much slower then water would.

Cohesion: A measure of how strongly the particles of a fluid attract each other.

An example of Cohesion would be, when it is raining out and you are in the car. You can see water droplets on the window, some of those water droplets stick together and become as one water droplet.

Adhesion: The attraction between the particles of one substance and the particles of another substance.

An example of Adhesion would be,if you spill water on a surface and you go and clean it up with toilet paper,paper towel, towel. you would notice that the towel, toilet paper, paper towel soak up the water up quite fast.

Surface Tension: The strong attraction amoung the particles that form the durface of a liquid. an example of surface tension would be paper clips and hugs being able to float on water.