Flow of Incompressible Fluid

Fluids are materials that have no fixed shape and are free to flow, such as liquids and gases

Turbulent Flow

The force per unit area

Before Turbulence

Colebrook Equation

The Moody Chart

The force the atmosphere exerts on the unit of surface area

Prandtl Equation

Kármán equation

After Turbulence

Fluid Flow Problems

The ability to be squeezed into a smaller volume

Pressure Drop

A system that uses gases under pressure

Flow Rate

A system that uses liquids under pressure

Pipe Diameter

The Entrance Region

The study of fluids and how they behave at rest and when moving

Velocity Boundary Layer

Boundary Layer Reion

Irrotational (core) flow region

Hydrodynamic entrance region

Hydrodynamic entry length

Hydrodynamically developing flow

Hydrodynamically fully developed region

Fully developed

Internal Flow

The theory that explains what matter is made of and how it behaves

Types of Flow

Laminar flow

A smooth pattern or flow

Pressure drop and Head loss

Poiseuille's Law

Pipes

Circular

Horizontal

Inclined

Noncircular

Effect of Gravity

Velocity

Flow of Rate

Turbulent flow

An irregular, mixing flow pattern

Transition

An area of slower-moving fluid that occurs behind an obstacle

Reynold's Number

A measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance

Internal Flow

Entry Lengths (Hydrodynamic)

For Laminar flow

For Turbulent Flow

For Turbulent Flow, an approximation