Carbohydrates Concept Map

Made up of two Monosaccharides

Maltose

Two Glucose molecules which are linked together

Linked by a 1-4 a-Glycostatic bond

Lactose

Made up of 1 Galuctose and 1 Glucose

Linked by a 1-4 b-Glycostatic bond

Naturally found in Milk

Sucrose

Sucrose is made up of 1 Glucose and 1 Fauctose

Has a bond of 1 a-Glucose + 2 b-Fauctose bond

Also known as "Table Sugar"

Is formed by plants not by animals

Simple Sugars: Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

Galactose

Glucose

Contains 6 Carbon atoms

Two types of Glucose, a-Glucose and b-Glusose

Fauctose

Consits of a short chain of Monosaccharide

Less than 20 Monoaccharide linked together

Maltotriose

Made up of 3 Glucose molecules

Linked together by 1-4 a-Glycostatic bonds

More than 20 Monoaccharides linked together

Most carbohydrates found in nature usually occur as Polysaccharides

Also known as "Glycans"

Can occur as one of two things

Homopolysaccharide

Contains only a single type of Monoaccharide

Serves as storage

Example: Startch
Storage form in plants

Only made up of Glucose

Amylose

Unbranched Glucose Polymer

Contains 1-4 a-Glycostatic bonds

Amylopectin

Branched Glucose Polymer

Contains 1-4 and 1-6 a-Glycostatic bonds

Branch points occur every 24-30 glucose residues

Example: Glycogen
Storage form in animals

Made up of only Glucose

Contains 1-4 and 1-6 a-Glycostatic bonds

Branch points occur every 8-12 glucose residues
(Occurs more frequently)

Example: Dextran
Structural component in bacteria and yeast

Made up of a 1-3 and a 1-6 Glycostatic bonds
Possible it can contain a 1-2 and a 1-4 Glycostatic bonds

Example: Cellulose
Structural components in plants

Make up the plant cell wall

Made up of b 1-4 linked glucose residues

Humans do not have enzymes that hydrolyze b 1-4 Glycostatic bonsa

Heteropolysaccharide

Contains two or more differnt types of Monoaccharides