Kinematics and Dynamics

A

Vector Quantity

The rate of change of the object's position with respect to a frame of reference and time.

Formulas involving Velocity include:

V= Δd / Δt (Velocity formula/uniform motion)

V1= Initial Velocity, V2= Final Velocity, part of the five equations of kinematics

V2 = v1 + aΔt

v2^2 = V1^2 + 2 aΔd

Acceleration

Vector Quantity

The rate of change in speed/velocity over the given time period

Subtopic

Acceleration: Δd = 1/2 (v2 + v1) Δt

a = Δv / Δt

Universal Gravitational

Law of Universal Gravitational

There exists a force of gravitational attraction between every two objects in the universe. This force varies inversely as the square of the distance between the objects and directly as the product of their masses. The force's direction is towards the centre of the attracting object.

Formula for universal gravitation; Fg=Gm1m2/d ^2

Friction

Coefficient of Friction

The interaction between two surfaces is quantified with unitless coefficients called the coefficient of static friction (mS) and the coefficient of kinetic friction (mK).

Magnitude of the force of Static Friction

FS = mSFN

Magnitude of the force of Kinetic Friction

FK = mKFN

Displacement

Displacement is a vector quantity- has both magnitude and direction

Direction is represented in terms of direction in square brackets, [N], [S], [E], [W].

Refers to the change in an object's position

Δd= Final displacement - initial displacement

Distance

Scalar Quantity- quantity with only magnitude

The total length of the path traveled by an object in motion

Typically represented in m, km, etc.

Δd=vt + 1/2 at^2

Speed

Scalar Quantity

Only has magnitude

The rate at which an object covers the distance based on its unit

Examples: m/s, km/h, etc.

Speed = distance/time

Forces

Gravitiational Force

The force where is it proportional to mass and causes attraction between a large distance

Electromagnetic Force

This force causes attraction and repulsion between matter at a large distance. The attraction is proportional to the electric charge.

Weak Nuclear Force

This force causes attraction and repulsion between matter at an extremely small distance. This force acts at the sub-nuclear level on sub-nuclear particles.

Strong Nuclear Force

This force causes attraction and repulsion between matter at a very small distance. This force acts on protons and neutrons. This is the strongest force in the universe.

Newton's Laws

First Law of Motion

An object at motion tends to stay in motion at the same speed and direction unless acted upon by a force. An object at rest stays at rest.

Net Force: Fnet= F1 + F2 + F3 ...

Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of the object depends based on the net force applied and inversely to the mass of an object

F = ma

Third Law of Motion

When an object exerts a force on another object, the second body exerts a force on the first body of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction.

Fab = - Fba