Behaviorism
Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.
Classical Conditioning (learning by association)
Classical conditioning is the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus, resulting in learning by association. Classical conditioning provides an explanation for why some children may experience anxiety or fears related to school.
Operant Conditioning (learning by consequences)
Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning normally attributed to B.F. Skinner, where the consequences of a response determine the probability of it being repeated. Through operant conditioning behavior which is reinforced (rewarded) will likely be repeated, and behavior which is punished will occur less frequently.