Asthma

COPD (Inflammatory disease that effects the small airways)

Signs and Symptoms

cough

phlegm

wheezing

Risk Factors

smoking

air pollution

occupational exposure

Age >45 years old

Collaborative care

Respiratory

physical therapy - depending on severity

Interventions

Oxygen therapy

smoking cessation

cluster care

medications

Goals and Outcomes

maintain O2 stats above 94%

quit smoking

maintain ADLs

taking medications properly

Ineffective Airway Clearance

Signs and Symptoms

low O2

wheezing

breathlessness

chest tightening

coughing

Collaborative Care

mental health

family/friend

Pulmonology

Respiratory

Risk Factors

smoking

second hand smoke

exercise

allergens

viruses

Interventions

use of medication

bronchodilator

corticosteriods

antibiotic medications

severe cases - oxygen therapy

control

step up or step down method

know your environment triggers

nutrition

healthy lifestyle

teaching of effective way of using inhaler

spacers

dry powder

meter dose

peak flow meter

Incentive spirometry

Goals and Outcomes

control of inflammation

no limitations of activities

minimal side effects of medications

not waking from coughing

normal lung function

taking medications properly

Pathophysiology

Inflammatory respiratory disease

Effects small and large airways

airway obstuction of smooth muscle

mucus clog airways

broncho-constriction

signs and symptom

wheezing

breathlessness

chest tighteneing

coughing

Late-phase

eosinophils make the airway becomes oedematous, the bronchial wall becomes constricted and the airway is compromised by overproduction of mucus

risk factors

all ages

All ethnicity

causes

unknown

possibly hereditary

smoking during pregnancey

child hood infection (Bronchiolitis)

environmental exposure

Medications

Glucocorticoids (Predsione)

bronchodilator (reliever - short acting)

Albuterol

salbutamol

terbutaline sulfate

Corticosteroid (prevention - anti-inflammatory agents)

Flovent

beclometason dipropionate

budesonide

Oxygen

Anxiety

Signs and Symtoms

suppress feelings

panic attack

hyperventilating

Risk Factors

trauma

low asthma control

Collaborative Care

counselor

family/friends

teachers

Interventions

treat psychological

assess the patient ability to process emotions

deep breathing

medications

teaching of medication and importance

re-breather (or paper bag)

Goals and outcomes

communication emotions/fears properly

having control of asthma (proper management)

Sources

Di Marco, F., Verga, M., Santus, P., Giovannelli, F., Busatto, P., Neri, M., . . . Centanni, S. (2010). Close correlation between anxiety, depression, and asthma control. Respiratory Medicine, 104(1), 22-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2009.08.005

Effective management of adult patients with asthma. (2019). Nursing Standard (2014+), 34(8), 43-50. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2019.e11411

Paymon, L. S., & Riley, P. (2018). Caregivers’ Perception of Asthma Control In Children. Pediatric Nursing, 44(1), 17–37.

Postma, D. S., & Rabe, K. F. (2015). The Asthma–COPD overlap syndrome. The New England Journal
of Medicine, 373(13), 1241-1249. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1411863

Chung, M. C., Rudd, H., & Wall, N. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder following asthma attack (post-
asthma attack PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity: The impact of alexithymia and coping. Psychiatry
Research, 197(3), 246-252. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.008

Losappio, L., Heffler, E., Carpentiere, R. et al. “Characteristics of patients admitted to
emergency department for asthma attack: a real-LIFE study”. BMC Pulm Med 19, 107 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0869-8

By Samantha Stewart & Jasmine McLaurin