Metabolism

Kinetic Energy

energy of motion (moving objects perform work by causing other matter to move)

Potential Energy

stored energy (energy that is available but not yet released)

Bond Energy

the energy required to break (or form) a chemical bond

endothermic

A Endothermic Reaction is a reaction or process accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy in the form of heat

exothermic

Exothermic Reactions are reactions or processes accompanied by the released of energy in the form of heat

Metabolic pathways

Anabolism

process of using energy to build large molecules

Catabolism

process of breaking down compounds into smaller molecules to release energy

Law #1

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one type into another and transferred from one object to another

Ex. Chemical energy stored in food molecules, then transformed into Kinetic energy in your muscles so you can move

Law #2

During any process, the universe tends toward disorder

Ex. It is more likely that a stack of books will tumble over that a pile of books will stack themselves up again

Thermodynamis

System

can be a whole organism, a group of cells, or a set of substrates/products - whatever object is being studied

Open systems

system and its surroundings can exchange matter and energy (example: biological systems like the human body)

Surroundings

everything in the universe outside of the system

the science that studies the transfer and transformation of thermal energy
, the laws apply to systems and their surroundings

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ATP

Energy from catabolic reactions is used to power anabolic reactions and the source of energy that links these sets of reactions is called ATP

ATP also known as adenosine triphosphate is referred to as the energy of the cell, this is because so many cellular activities depend on it! ATP is composed off Nitrogenous base ,Adenine, Ribose sugar and three Phosphate Groups

electron carriers

compounds that pick up electrons from energy-rich compounds and donate them to low-energy compounds

Examples
NAD⁺ (oxidized form), NADH (reduced form)
FAD (oxidized form), FADH₂ (reduced form)

Coupled Reactions

Use the energy from hydrolysis as input for the build up of ATP