Magnets

Can be made from

Artificial

Artificial magnets are made
of iron, steel, nickel or cobalt.

Lodestones

A lodestone or a natural magnet
is a piece of magnetic ore.

The pull of the magnet
can pass through some
materials.

Such as

(non-magnetic materials)
Wood, glass, copper, aluminium...

Has two poles

The south pole and the north pole.

The pull of a magnet is the strongest at the two poles.

Poles

Unlike poles

Attract

The north pole of a magnet
will attract the south pole of
another magnet.

Like poles

Repel

The south pole of a magnet
will repel the south pole of
another magnet.

Are used in

-Doorstoppers
-Compasses
-Refrigerators
-Magnetic game boards

Characteristics of
a magnet

Objects that are attracted
to magnets are made of
magnetic materials.

Objects that are not attracted
to magnets are made of
non-magnetic materials.

Types of magnets

Magnetic materials

-Iron
-Steel
-Nickel
-Cobalt
-Magnets

Non-magnetic materials

-Wood
-Glass...

Freely suspended

A freely suspended magnet always comes
to rest in a north-south position.

Making a temporary magnet

Induction

When an iron nail is in contact
with a strong magnet, it
becomes a magnet.

The nail is said to be magnetised
by induction.The magnetised nail
is now able to pick up some metal
clips.As soon as the strong magnet
is removed, the nail loses its
magnetism.

Stroking

An iron nail can also be made into
a magnet by stroking it several
times with a strong magnet along
its entire length in the same direction.

The magnetised magnet is able
to attract magnetic materials.
However it can only keep its
magnetism for a short period of time.

Using electricity

Coil a long piece of wire around
an iron nail at least twenty times.
Then connect both ends of the
wire to a battery.

The electromagnet can now attract magnetic materials/objects. Only if it is connected to a source of electricity. When it is removed from the the source of electricity it no longer becomes an electromagnet.